长部第 16 经（Sujato 英译）第 10 阅读页 · The Great Discourse on the Buddha’s Extinguishment · 10/14

Then Ānanda said to the Buddha,Then Ānanda said to the Buddha,“This Venerable Upavāṇa has been the Buddha’s attendant for a long time, close to him, living in his presence.“This Venerable Upavāṇa has been the Buddha’s attendant for a long time, close to him, living in his presence.Yet in his final hour the Buddha makes him move, saying:Yet in his final hour the Buddha makes him move, saying:

‘Move over, mendicant, don’t stand in front of me.’‘Move over, mendicant, don’t stand in front of me.’What is the cause, sir, what is the reason for this?”What is the cause, sir, what is the reason for this?”“Most of the deities from ten solar systems have gathered to see the Realized One.“Most of the deities from ten solar systems have gathered to see the Realized One.

For twelve leagues all around this sal grove there’s no spot, not even a fraction of a hair’s tip, that’s not crowded full of illustrious deities.For twelve leagues all around this sal grove there’s no spot, not even a fraction of a hair’s tip, that’s not crowded full of illustrious deities.The deities are complaining:The deities are complaining:‘We’ve come such a long way to see the Realized One!‘We’ve come such a long way to see the Realized One!

Only rarely do Realized Ones arise in the world, perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas.Only rarely do Realized Ones arise in the world, perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas.This very day, in the last watch of the night, the Realized One will be fully extinguished.This very day, in the last watch of the night, the Realized One will be fully extinguished.And this illustrious mendicant is standing in front of the Buddha blocking the view. We won’t get to see the Realized One in his final hour!’”And this illustrious mendicant is standing in front of the Buddha blocking the view. We won’t get to see the Realized One in his final hour!’”

“But sir, what kind of deities are you thinking of?”“But sir, what kind of deities are you thinking of?”“There are, Ānanda, deities—both in space and on the earth—who are aware of the earth. With hair disheveled and arms raised, they fall down like their feet were chopped off, rolling back and forth, lamenting:“There are, Ānanda, deities—both in space and on the earth—who are aware of the earth. With hair disheveled and arms raised, they fall down like their feet were chopped off, rolling back and forth, lamenting:‘Too soon the Blessed One will be fully extinguished! Too soon the Holy One will be fully extinguished! Too soon the Eye of the World will vanish!’‘Too soon the Blessed One will be fully extinguished! Too soon the Holy One will be fully extinguished! Too soon the Eye of the World will vanish!’

But the deities who are free of desire endure, mindful and aware, thinking:But the deities who are free of desire endure, mindful and aware, thinking:‘Conditions are impermanent. How could it possibly be otherwise?’”‘Conditions are impermanent. How could it possibly be otherwise?’”

28. The Four Inspiring Places28. The Four Inspiring Places

“Previously, sir, when mendicants had completed the rainy season residence in various districts they came to see the Realized One.“Previously, sir, when mendicants had completed the rainy season residence in various districts they came to see the Realized One.We got to see the esteemed mendicants, and to pay homage to them.We got to see the esteemed mendicants, and to pay homage to them.But when the Buddha has passed, we won’t get to see the esteemed mendicants or to pay homage to them.”But when the Buddha has passed, we won’t get to see the esteemed mendicants or to pay homage to them.”

“Ānanda, a faithful gentleman should go to see these four inspiring places.“Ānanda, a faithful gentleman should go to see these four inspiring places.What four?What four?Thinking: ‘Here the Realized One was born!’—that is an inspiring place.Thinking: ‘Here the Realized One was born!’—that is an inspiring place.

Thinking: ‘Here the Realized One became awakened as a supreme fully awakened Buddha!’—that is an inspiring place.Thinking: ‘Here the Realized One became awakened as a supreme fully awakened Buddha!’—that is an inspiring place.Thinking: ‘Here the supreme Wheel of Dhamma was rolled forth by the Realized One!’—that is an inspiring place.Thinking: ‘Here the supreme Wheel of Dhamma was rolled forth by the Realized One!’—that is an inspiring place.Thinking: ‘Here the Realized One was fully quenched in the element of extinguishment with no residue!’—that is an inspiring place.Thinking: ‘Here the Realized One was fully quenched in the element of extinguishment with no residue!’—that is an inspiring place.

These are the four inspiring places that a faithful gentleman should go to see.These are the four inspiring places that a faithful gentleman should go to see.Faithful monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen will come, and think:Faithful monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen will come, and think:‘Here the Realized One was born!’ and ‘Here the Realized One became awakened as a supreme fully awakened Buddha!’ and ‘Here the supreme Wheel of Dhamma was rolled forth by the Realized One!’ and ‘Here the Realized One was fully quenched in the element of extinguishment with no residue!’‘Here the Realized One was born!’ and ‘Here the Realized One became awakened as a supreme fully awakened Buddha!’ and ‘Here the supreme Wheel of Dhamma was rolled forth by the Realized One!’ and ‘Here the Realized One was fully quenched in the element of extinguishment with no residue!’

Anyone who passes away while on pilgrimage to these shrines will, when their body breaks up, after death, be reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.”Anyone who passes away while on pilgrimage to these shrines will, when their body breaks up, after death, be reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.”

29. Ānanda’s Questions29. Ānanda’s Questions

“Sir, how do we proceed when it comes to ladies?”“Sir, how do we proceed when it comes to ladies?”“Without looking, Ānanda.”“Without looking, Ānanda.”“But when looking, how to proceed?”“But when looking, how to proceed?”

“Without chatting, Ānanda.”“Without chatting, Ānanda.”“But when chatting, how to proceed?”“But when chatting, how to proceed?”“Be mindful, Ānanda.”“Be mindful, Ānanda.”

“Sir, how do we proceed when it comes to the Realized One’s corpse?”“Sir, how do we proceed when it comes to the Realized One’s corpse?”“Don’t get involved in the rites for venerating the Realized One’s corpse, Ānanda.“Don’t get involved in the rites for venerating the Realized One’s corpse, Ānanda.Please, Ānanda, you must all strive and practice for your heart’s goal! Meditate diligent, keen, and resolute for your heart’s goal!Please, Ānanda, you must all strive and practice for your heart’s goal! Meditate diligent, keen, and resolute for your heart’s goal!

There are astute aristocrats, brahmins, and householders who are devoted to the Realized One. They will perform the rites for venerating the Realized One’s corpse.”There are astute aristocrats, brahmins, and householders who are devoted to the Realized One. They will perform the rites for venerating the Realized One’s corpse.”“But sir, how to proceed when it comes to the Realized One’s corpse?”“But sir, how to proceed when it comes to the Realized One’s corpse?”“Proceed in the same way as they do for the corpse of a wheel-turning monarch.”“Proceed in the same way as they do for the corpse of a wheel-turning monarch.”

“But how do they proceed with a wheel-turning monarch’s corpse?”“But how do they proceed with a wheel-turning monarch’s corpse?”“They wrap a wheel-turning monarch’s corpse with unworn cloth, then with uncarded cotton, then again with unworn cloth.“They wrap a wheel-turning monarch’s corpse with unworn cloth, then with uncarded cotton, then again with unworn cloth.In this way they wrap the corpse with five hundred double-layers. Then they place it in an iron casket filled with oil and close it up with another casket. Then, having built a funeral pyre out of all kinds of aromatics, they cremate the corpse.In this way they wrap the corpse with five hundred double-layers. Then they place it in an iron casket filled with oil and close it up with another casket. Then, having built a funeral pyre out of all kinds of aromatics, they cremate the corpse.

They build a monument for the wheel-turning monarch at the crossroads.They build a monument for the wheel-turning monarch at the crossroads.That’s how they proceed with a wheel-turning monarch’s corpse.That’s how they proceed with a wheel-turning monarch’s corpse.Proceed in the same way with the Realized One’s corpse.Proceed in the same way with the Realized One’s corpse.

A monument for the Realized One is to be built at the crossroads.A monument for the Realized One is to be built at the crossroads.When someone there lifts up garlands or fragrance or powder, or bows, or inspires confidence in their heart, that will be for their lasting welfare and happiness.When someone there lifts up garlands or fragrance or powder, or bows, or inspires confidence in their heart, that will be for their lasting welfare and happiness.

30. Individuals Worthy of a Monument30. Individuals Worthy of a Monument

Ānanda, these four are worthy of a monument.Ānanda, these four are worthy of a monument.What four?What four?A Realized One, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha; an independent Buddha; a disciple of a Realized One; and a wheel-turning monarch.A Realized One, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha; an independent Buddha; a disciple of a Realized One; and a wheel-turning monarch.

And for what reason is a Realized One worthy of a monument?And for what reason is a Realized One worthy of a monument?So that many people will inspire confidence in their hearts, thinking: ‘This is the monument for that Blessed One, perfected and fully awakened!’So that many people will inspire confidence in their hearts, thinking: ‘This is the monument for that Blessed One, perfected and fully awakened!’And having done so, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.And having done so, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.

It is for this reason that a Realized One is worthy of a monument.It is for this reason that a Realized One is worthy of a monument.And for what reason is an independent Buddha worthy of a monument?And for what reason is an independent Buddha worthy of a monument?So that many people will inspire confidence in their hearts, thinking: ‘This is the monument for that independent Buddha!’So that many people will inspire confidence in their hearts, thinking: ‘This is the monument for that independent Buddha!’

And having done so, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.And having done so, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.It is for this reason that an independent Buddha is worthy of a monument.It is for this reason that an independent Buddha is worthy of a monument.And for what reason is a Realized One’s disciple worthy of a monument?And for what reason is a Realized One’s disciple worthy of a monument?

So that many people will inspire confidence in their hearts, thinking: ‘This is the monument for that Blessed One’s disciple!’So that many people will inspire confidence in their hearts, thinking: ‘This is the monument for that Blessed One’s disciple!’And having done so, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.And having done so, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.It is for this reason that a Realized One’s disciple is worthy of a monument.It is for this reason that a Realized One’s disciple is worthy of a monument.

And for what reason is a wheel-turning monarch worthy of a monument?And for what reason is a wheel-turning monarch worthy of a monument?So that many people will inspire confidence in their hearts, thinking: ‘This is the monument for that just and principled king!’So that many people will inspire confidence in their hearts, thinking: ‘This is the monument for that just and principled king!’And having done so, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.And having done so, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.

It is for this reason that a wheel-turning monarch is worthy of a monument.It is for this reason that a wheel-turning monarch is worthy of a monument.These four are worthy of a monument.”These four are worthy of a monument.”

31. Ānanda’s Incredible Qualities31. Ānanda’s Incredible Qualities

Then Venerable Ānanda entered a building, and stood there leaning against the door-jamb and crying,Then Venerable Ānanda entered a building, and stood there leaning against the door-jamb and crying,“Oh! I’m still only a trainee with work left to do; and my Teacher is about to be fully extinguished, he who is so kind to me!”“Oh! I’m still only a trainee with work left to do; and my Teacher is about to be fully extinguished, he who is so kind to me!”Then the Buddha said to the mendicants,Then the Buddha said to the mendicants,

“Mendicants, where is Ānanda?”“Mendicants, where is Ānanda?”“Sir, Ānanda has entered a dwelling, and stands there leaning against the door-jamb and crying:“Sir, Ānanda has entered a dwelling, and stands there leaning against the door-jamb and crying:‘Oh! I’m still only a trainee with work left to do; and my Teacher is about to be fully extinguished, he who is so kind to me!’”‘Oh! I’m still only a trainee with work left to do; and my Teacher is about to be fully extinguished, he who is so kind to me!’”

So the Buddha addressed one of the monks,So the Buddha addressed one of the monks,“Please, monk, in my name tell Ānanda that“Please, monk, in my name tell Ānanda thatthe Teacher summons him.”the Teacher summons him.”

“Yes, sir,” that monk replied. He went to Ānanda and said to him,“Yes, sir,” that monk replied. He went to Ānanda and said to him,“Reverend Ānanda, the Teacher summons you.”“Reverend Ānanda, the Teacher summons you.”“Yes, reverend,” Ānanda replied. He went to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. The Buddha said to him:“Yes, reverend,” Ānanda replied. He went to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. The Buddha said to him:

“Enough, Ānanda! Do not grieve, do not lament. Did I not prepare for this when I explained that“Enough, Ānanda! Do not grieve, do not lament. Did I not prepare for this when I explained thatwe must be parted and separated from all we hold dear and beloved?we must be parted and separated from all we hold dear and beloved?How could it possibly be so that what is born, created, conditioned, and liable to wear out should not wear out, even the Realized One’s body?How could it possibly be so that what is born, created, conditioned, and liable to wear out should not wear out, even the Realized One’s body?

For a long time, Ānanda, you’ve treated the Realized One with deeds of body, speech, and mind that are loving, beneficial, pleasant, undivided, and limitless.For a long time, Ānanda, you’ve treated the Realized One with deeds of body, speech, and mind that are loving, beneficial, pleasant, undivided, and limitless.You have done good deeds, Ānanda. Devote yourself to meditation, and you will soon be free of defilements.”You have done good deeds, Ānanda. Devote yourself to meditation, and you will soon be free of defilements.”Then the Buddha said to the mendicants:Then the Buddha said to the mendicants:

“Those who were perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas in the past also had attendants, who at best were like Ānanda is for me.“Those who were perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas in the past also had attendants, who at best were like Ānanda is for me.Those who will be perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas in the future will also have attendants, who at best will be like Ānanda is for me.Those who will be perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas in the future will also have attendants, who at best will be like Ānanda is for me.Ānanda is astute,Ānanda is astute,

he is intelligent.he is intelligent.He knows the time for monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen, royal ministers, monastics of other religions and their disciples to visit the Realized One.He knows the time for monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen, royal ministers, monastics of other religions and their disciples to visit the Realized One.There are these four incredible and amazing things about Ānanda.There are these four incredible and amazing things about Ānanda.

What four?What four?If an assembly of monks goes to see Ānanda, they’re uplifted by seeing himIf an assembly of monks goes to see Ānanda, they’re uplifted by seeing himand uplifted by hearing him speak.and uplifted by hearing him speak.

And when he falls silent, they’ve never had enough.And when he falls silent, they’ve never had enough.If an assembly of nuns …If an assembly of nuns …laymen …laymen …

or laywomen goes to see Ānanda, they’re uplifted by seeing himor laywomen goes to see Ānanda, they’re uplifted by seeing himand uplifted by hearing him speak.and uplifted by hearing him speak.And when he falls silent, they’ve never had enough.And when he falls silent, they’ve never had enough.

These are the four incredible and amazing things about Ānanda.These are the four incredible and amazing things about Ānanda.There are these four incredible and amazing things about a wheel-turning monarch.There are these four incredible and amazing things about a wheel-turning monarch.What four?What four?

If an assembly of aristocrats goes to see a wheel-turning monarch, they’re uplifted by seeing himIf an assembly of aristocrats goes to see a wheel-turning monarch, they’re uplifted by seeing himand uplifted by hearing him speak.and uplifted by hearing him speak.And when he falls silent, they’ve never had enough.And when he falls silent, they’ve never had enough.

If an assembly of brahmins …If an assembly of brahmins …householders …householders …or ascetics goes to see a wheel-turning monarch, they’re uplifted by seeing himor ascetics goes to see a wheel-turning monarch, they’re uplifted by seeing him

and uplifted by hearing him speak.and uplifted by hearing him speak.And when he falls silent, they’ve never had enough.And when he falls silent, they’ve never had enough.In the same way, there are those four incredible and amazing things about Ānanda.”In the same way, there are those four incredible and amazing things about Ānanda.”

32. Teaching the Discourse on Mahāsudassana32. Teaching the Discourse on Mahāsudassana