长部第 16 经（Sujato 英译）第 4 阅读页 · The Great Discourse on the Buddha’s Extinguishment · 4/14

When the mind is imbued with wisdom it is rightly freed from the defilements, namely,When the mind is imbued with wisdom it is rightly freed from the defilements, namely,the defilements of sensuality, desire to be reborn, and ignorance.”the defilements of sensuality, desire to be reborn, and ignorance.”When the Buddha had stayed in Ñātika as long as he pleased, he addressed Venerable Ānanda,When the Buddha had stayed in Ñātika as long as he pleased, he addressed Venerable Ānanda,

“Come, Ānanda, let’s go to Vesālī.”“Come, Ānanda, let’s go to Vesālī.”“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.Then the Buddha together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants arrived at Vesālī,Then the Buddha together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants arrived at Vesālī,

where he stayed in Ambapālī’s Mango Grove.where he stayed in Ambapālī’s Mango Grove.There the Buddha addressed the mendicants:There the Buddha addressed the mendicants:“Mendicants, a mendicant should live mindful and aware.“Mendicants, a mendicant should live mindful and aware.

This is my instruction to you.This is my instruction to you.And how is a mendicant mindful?And how is a mendicant mindful?It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.

They meditate observing an aspect of feelings …They meditate observing an aspect of feelings …mind …mind …principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.

That’s how a mendicant is mindful.That’s how a mendicant is mindful.And how is a mendicant aware?And how is a mendicant aware?It’s when a mendicant acts with situational awareness when going out and coming back; when looking ahead and aside; when bending and extending the limbs; when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes; when eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting; when urinating and defecating; when walking, standing, sitting, sleeping, waking, speaking, and keeping silent.It’s when a mendicant acts with situational awareness when going out and coming back; when looking ahead and aside; when bending and extending the limbs; when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes; when eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting; when urinating and defecating; when walking, standing, sitting, sleeping, waking, speaking, and keeping silent.

That’s how a mendicant is aware.That’s how a mendicant is aware.A mendicant should live mindful and aware.A mendicant should live mindful and aware.This is my instruction to you.”This is my instruction to you.”

11. Ambapālī the Courtesan11. Ambapālī the Courtesan

Ambapālī the courtesan heard that the Buddha had arrived and was staying in her mango grove.Ambapālī the courtesan heard that the Buddha had arrived and was staying in her mango grove.She had the finest carriages harnessed. Then she mounted a fine carriage and, along with other fine carriages, set out from Vesālī for her own park.She had the finest carriages harnessed. Then she mounted a fine carriage and, along with other fine carriages, set out from Vesālī for her own park.She went by carriage as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached the Buddha on foot. She bowed and sat down to one side.She went by carriage as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached the Buddha on foot. She bowed and sat down to one side.

The Buddha educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired her with a Dhamma talk.The Buddha educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired her with a Dhamma talk.Then she said to the Buddha,Then she said to the Buddha,“Sir, would the Buddha, together with the mendicant Saṅgha, please accept tomorrow’s meal from me?”“Sir, would the Buddha, together with the mendicant Saṅgha, please accept tomorrow’s meal from me?”

The Buddha consented with silence.The Buddha consented with silence.Then, knowing that the Buddha had consented, Ambapālī rose from her seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on her right, before leaving.Then, knowing that the Buddha had consented, Ambapālī rose from her seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on her right, before leaving.The Licchavis of Vesālī also heard that the Buddha had arrived and was staying in Ambapālī’s Mango Grove.The Licchavis of Vesālī also heard that the Buddha had arrived and was staying in Ambapālī’s Mango Grove.

They had the finest carriages harnessed. Then they mounted a fine carriage and, along with other fine carriages, set out from Vesālī.They had the finest carriages harnessed. Then they mounted a fine carriage and, along with other fine carriages, set out from Vesālī.Some of the Licchavis were in blue, of blue color, clad in blue, adorned with blue. And some were similarly colored in yellow, red, or white.Some of the Licchavis were in blue, of blue color, clad in blue, adorned with blue. And some were similarly colored in yellow, red, or white.Then Ambapālī the courtesan collided with those Licchavi youths, axle to axle, wheel to wheel, yoke to yoke.Then Ambapālī the courtesan collided with those Licchavi youths, axle to axle, wheel to wheel, yoke to yoke.

The Licchavis said to her,The Licchavis said to her,“What, you wench Ambapālī, are you doing colliding with us axle to axle, wheel to wheel, yoke to yoke?”“What, you wench Ambapālī, are you doing colliding with us axle to axle, wheel to wheel, yoke to yoke?”“Well, masters, it’s because I’ve invited the Buddha for tomorrow’s meal together with the mendicant Saṅgha.”“Well, masters, it’s because I’ve invited the Buddha for tomorrow’s meal together with the mendicant Saṅgha.”

“Wench, give us that meal for a hundred thousand!”“Wench, give us that meal for a hundred thousand!”“Masters, even if you were to give me Vesālī with her provinces, I still wouldn’t give that meal to you.”“Masters, even if you were to give me Vesālī with her provinces, I still wouldn’t give that meal to you.”Then the Licchavis snapped their fingers, saying,Then the Licchavis snapped their fingers, saying,

“We’ve been beaten by the aunty! We’ve been beaten by the aunty!”“We’ve been beaten by the aunty! We’ve been beaten by the aunty!”Then they continued on to Ambapālī’s Mango Grove.Then they continued on to Ambapālī’s Mango Grove.The Buddha saw them coming off in the distance,The Buddha saw them coming off in the distance,

and addressed the mendicants:and addressed the mendicants:“Any of the mendicants who’ve never seen the gods of the thirty-three before, just have a look at the assembly of Licchavis.“Any of the mendicants who’ve never seen the gods of the thirty-three before, just have a look at the assembly of Licchavis.See the assembly of Licchavis,See the assembly of Licchavis,

check them out:check them out:they’re just like the thirty-three!”they’re just like the thirty-three!”The Licchavis went by carriage as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached the Buddha on foot. They bowed to the Buddha, sat down to one side,The Licchavis went by carriage as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached the Buddha on foot. They bowed to the Buddha, sat down to one side,

and the Buddha educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired them with a Dhamma talk.and the Buddha educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired them with a Dhamma talk.Then they said to the Buddha,Then they said to the Buddha,“Sir, would the Buddha, together with the mendicant Saṅgha, please accept tomorrow’s meal from us?”“Sir, would the Buddha, together with the mendicant Saṅgha, please accept tomorrow’s meal from us?”

Then the Buddha said to the Licchavis,Then the Buddha said to the Licchavis,“I have already accepted tomorrow’s meal from Ambapālī the courtesan.”“I have already accepted tomorrow’s meal from Ambapālī the courtesan.”Then the Licchavis snapped their fingers, saying,Then the Licchavis snapped their fingers, saying,

“We’ve been beaten by the aunty! We’ve been beaten by the aunty!”“We’ve been beaten by the aunty! We’ve been beaten by the aunty!”And then those Licchavis approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. They got up from their seat, bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on their right, before leaving.And then those Licchavis approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. They got up from their seat, bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on their right, before leaving.And when the night had passed Ambapālī had delicious fresh and cooked foods prepared in her own park. Then she had the Buddha informed of the time, saying,And when the night had passed Ambapālī had delicious fresh and cooked foods prepared in her own park. Then she had the Buddha informed of the time, saying,

“Sir, it’s time. The meal is ready.”“Sir, it’s time. The meal is ready.”Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, went to the home of Ambapālī together with the mendicant Saṅgha, where he sat down on the seat spread out.Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, went to the home of Ambapālī together with the mendicant Saṅgha, where he sat down on the seat spread out.Then Ambapālī served and satisfied the mendicant Saṅgha headed by the Buddha with her own hands with delicious fresh and cooked foods.Then Ambapālī served and satisfied the mendicant Saṅgha headed by the Buddha with her own hands with delicious fresh and cooked foods.

When the Buddha had eaten and washed his hands and bowl, Ambapālī took a low seat, sat to one side,When the Buddha had eaten and washed his hands and bowl, Ambapālī took a low seat, sat to one side,and said to the Buddha,and said to the Buddha,“Sir, I present this park to the mendicant Saṅgha headed by the Buddha.”“Sir, I present this park to the mendicant Saṅgha headed by the Buddha.”

The Buddha accepted the park.The Buddha accepted the park.Then the Buddha educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired her with a Dhamma talk, after which he rose from his seat and left.Then the Buddha educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired her with a Dhamma talk, after which he rose from his seat and left.And while staying at Vesālī, too, the Buddha often gave this Dhamma talk to the mendicants:And while staying at Vesālī, too, the Buddha often gave this Dhamma talk to the mendicants:

“Such is ethics, such is immersion, such is wisdom.“Such is ethics, such is immersion, such is wisdom.When immersion is imbued with ethics it’s very fruitful and beneficial.When immersion is imbued with ethics it’s very fruitful and beneficial.When wisdom is imbued with immersion it’s very fruitful and beneficial.When wisdom is imbued with immersion it’s very fruitful and beneficial.

When the mind is imbued with wisdom it is rightly freed from the defilements, namely,When the mind is imbued with wisdom it is rightly freed from the defilements, namely,the defilements of sensuality, desire to be reborn, and ignorance.”the defilements of sensuality, desire to be reborn, and ignorance.”

12. Commencing the Rains at Beluva12. Commencing the Rains at Beluva

When the Buddha had stayed in Ambapālī’s Mango Grove as long as he pleased, he addressed Venerable Ānanda,When the Buddha had stayed in Ambapālī’s Mango Grove as long as he pleased, he addressed Venerable Ānanda,“Come, Ānanda, let’s go to the little village of Beluva.”“Come, Ānanda, let’s go to the little village of Beluva.”“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.

Then the Buddha together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants arrived at the little village of Beluva,Then the Buddha together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants arrived at the little village of Beluva,and stayed there.and stayed there.There the Buddha addressed the mendicants:There the Buddha addressed the mendicants:

“Mendicants, please enter the rainy season residence with whatever friends or acquaintances you have around Vesālī.“Mendicants, please enter the rainy season residence with whatever friends or acquaintances you have around Vesālī.I’ll commence the rainy season residence right here in the little village of Beluva.”I’ll commence the rainy season residence right here in the little village of Beluva.”“Yes, sir,” those mendicants replied. They did as the Buddha said,“Yes, sir,” those mendicants replied. They did as the Buddha said,

while the Buddha commenced the rainy season residence right there in the little village of Beluva.while the Buddha commenced the rainy season residence right there in the little village of Beluva.After the Buddha had commenced the rainy season residence, he fell severely ill, struck by dreadful pains, close to death.After the Buddha had commenced the rainy season residence, he fell severely ill, struck by dreadful pains, close to death.But he endured unbothered, with mindfulness and situational awareness.But he endured unbothered, with mindfulness and situational awareness.

Then it occurred to the Buddha,Then it occurred to the Buddha,“It would not be appropriate for me to be fully extinguished before informing my supporters and taking leave of the mendicant Saṅgha.“It would not be appropriate for me to be fully extinguished before informing my supporters and taking leave of the mendicant Saṅgha.Why don’t I forcefully suppress this illness, stabilize the life force, and live on?”Why don’t I forcefully suppress this illness, stabilize the life force, and live on?”

So that is what he did.So that is what he did.Then the Buddha’s illness died down.Then the Buddha’s illness died down.Soon after the Buddha had recovered from that sickness, he left his dwelling and sat in the shade of the porch on the seat spread out.Soon after the Buddha had recovered from that sickness, he left his dwelling and sat in the shade of the porch on the seat spread out.

Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him,Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him,“Sir, it’s fantastic that the Buddha is comfortable and well. Because when the Buddha was sick, my body felt like it was drugged. I was disorientated, and the teachings didn’t spring to mind.“Sir, it’s fantastic that the Buddha is comfortable and well. Because when the Buddha was sick, my body felt like it was drugged. I was disorientated, and the teachings didn’t spring to mind.Still, at least I was consoled by the thought thatStill, at least I was consoled by the thought that

the Buddha won’t be fully extinguished without bringing something up regarding the Saṅgha of mendicants.”the Buddha won’t be fully extinguished without bringing something up regarding the Saṅgha of mendicants.”“But what could the mendicant Saṅgha expect from me, Ānanda?“But what could the mendicant Saṅgha expect from me, Ānanda?I’ve taught the Dhamma without making any distinction between secret and public teachings.I’ve taught the Dhamma without making any distinction between secret and public teachings.

The Realized One doesn’t have the closed fist of a tutor when it comes to the teachings.The Realized One doesn’t have the closed fist of a tutor when it comes to the teachings.If there’s anyone who thinks:If there’s anyone who thinks:‘I shall lead the mendicant Saṅgha,’ or ‘the Saṅgha of mendicants is meant for me,’ let them bring something up regarding the Saṅgha.‘I shall lead the mendicant Saṅgha,’ or ‘the Saṅgha of mendicants is meant for me,’ let them bring something up regarding the Saṅgha.

But the Realized One doesn’t think like this,But the Realized One doesn’t think like this,so why should he bring something up regarding the Saṅgha?so why should he bring something up regarding the Saṅgha?I’m now old, elderly and senior. I’m advanced in years and have reached the final stage of life.I’m now old, elderly and senior. I’m advanced in years and have reached the final stage of life.

I’m currently eighty years old.I’m currently eighty years old.Just as a decrepit old cart is kept going by a rope,Just as a decrepit old cart is kept going by a rope,in the same way, the Realized One’s body is kept going as if by a rope.in the same way, the Realized One’s body is kept going as if by a rope.

Sometimes the Realized One, not focusing on any signs, and with the cessation of certain feelings, enters and remains in the signless immersion of the heart. Only then does the Realized One’s body become more comfortable.Sometimes the Realized One, not focusing on any signs, and with the cessation of certain feelings, enters and remains in the signless immersion of the heart. Only then does the Realized One’s body become more comfortable.So Ānanda, live as your own island, your own refuge, with no other refuge. Let the teaching be your island and your refuge, with no other refuge.So Ānanda, live as your own island, your own refuge, with no other refuge. Let the teaching be your island and your refuge, with no other refuge.

And how does a mendicant do this?And how does a mendicant do this?It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.They meditate observing an aspect of feelings …They meditate observing an aspect of feelings …

mind …mind …principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.That’s how a mendicant lives with themselves as island and refuge, without other refuge; with the teachings as island and refuge, without other refuge.That’s how a mendicant lives with themselves as island and refuge, without other refuge; with the teachings as island and refuge, without other refuge.

Whether now or after I have passed, any who shall live as their own island, their own refuge, with no other refuge; with the teaching as their island and their refuge, with no other refuge—those mendicants of mine who want to train shall be among the best of the best.”Whether now or after I have passed, any who shall live as their own island, their own refuge, with no other refuge; with the teaching as their island and their refuge, with no other refuge—those mendicants of mine who want to train shall be among the best of the best.”The second recitation section.The second recitation section.

13. An Obvious Hint13. An Obvious Hint

Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Vesālī for alms.Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Vesālī for alms.Then, after the meal, on his return from almsround, he addressed Venerable Ānanda:Then, after the meal, on his return from almsround, he addressed Venerable Ānanda:“Ānanda, get your sitting cloth.“Ānanda, get your sitting cloth.