长部第 16 经（Sujato 英译）第 9 阅读页 · The Great Discourse on the Buddha’s Extinguishment · 9/14

At that time the heavens were raining and pouring, lightning was flashing, and thunder was cracking. And not far from the threshing-hut two farmers who were brothers were killed, as well as four oxen.At that time the heavens were raining and pouring, lightning was flashing, and thunder was cracking. And not far from the threshing-hut two farmers who were brothers were killed, as well as four oxen.Then a large crowd came from Ātumā to the place where that happened.Then a large crowd came from Ātumā to the place where that happened.Now at that time I came out of the threshing-hut and was walking mindfully in the open near the door of the hut.Now at that time I came out of the threshing-hut and was walking mindfully in the open near the door of the hut.

Then having left that crowd, a certain person approached me, bowed, and stood to one side. I said to them,Then having left that crowd, a certain person approached me, bowed, and stood to one side. I said to them,‘Why, respectable sir, has this crowd gathered?’‘Why, respectable sir, has this crowd gathered?’‘Just now, sir, the heavens were raining and pouring, lightning was flashing, and thunder was cracking. And two farmers who were brothers were killed, as well as four oxen.‘Just now, sir, the heavens were raining and pouring, lightning was flashing, and thunder was cracking. And two farmers who were brothers were killed, as well as four oxen.

Then this crowd gathered here.Then this crowd gathered here.But sir, where were you?’But sir, where were you?’‘I was right here, respectable sir.’‘I was right here, respectable sir.’

‘But sir, did you see?’‘But sir, did you see?’‘No, respectable sir, I didn’t see anything.’‘No, respectable sir, I didn’t see anything.’‘But sir, didn’t you hear a sound?’‘But sir, didn’t you hear a sound?’

‘No, respectable sir, I didn’t hear a sound.’‘No, respectable sir, I didn’t hear a sound.’‘But sir, were you asleep?’‘But sir, were you asleep?’‘No, respectable sir, I wasn’t asleep.’‘No, respectable sir, I wasn’t asleep.’

‘But sir, were you conscious?’‘But sir, were you conscious?’‘Yes, respectable sir.’‘Yes, respectable sir.’‘So, sir, while conscious and awake you neither saw nor heard a sound as the heavens were raining and pouring, lightning was flashing, and thunder was cracking?’‘So, sir, while conscious and awake you neither saw nor heard a sound as the heavens were raining and pouring, lightning was flashing, and thunder was cracking?’

‘Yes, respectable sir.’‘Yes, respectable sir.’Then that person thought:Then that person thought:‘Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing! Those who have gone forth remain in such peaceful meditations,‘Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing! Those who have gone forth remain in such peaceful meditations,

in that, while conscious and awake he neither saw nor heard a sound as the heavens were raining and pouring, lightning was flashing, and thunder was cracking.’in that, while conscious and awake he neither saw nor heard a sound as the heavens were raining and pouring, lightning was flashing, and thunder was cracking.’And after declaring their lofty confidence in me, they bowed and respectfully circled me, keeping me on their right, before leaving.”And after declaring their lofty confidence in me, they bowed and respectfully circled me, keeping me on their right, before leaving.”When he said this, Pukkusa said to him,When he said this, Pukkusa said to him,

“Any confidence I had in Āḷāra Kālāma I whisk away as in a strong wind, or glide away as down a swift stream.“Any confidence I had in Āḷāra Kālāma I whisk away as in a strong wind, or glide away as down a swift stream.Excellent, sir! Excellent!Excellent, sir! Excellent!As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the Buddha has made the teaching clear in many ways.As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the Buddha has made the teaching clear in many ways.

I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”Then Pukkusa addressed a certain man,Then Pukkusa addressed a certain man,

“Go on then, lad, fetch me a pair of ready to wear garments the color of mountain gold.”“Go on then, lad, fetch me a pair of ready to wear garments the color of mountain gold.”“Yes, sir,” replied that man, and did as he was asked.“Yes, sir,” replied that man, and did as he was asked.Then Pukkusa brought the garments to the Buddha,Then Pukkusa brought the garments to the Buddha,

“Sir, please accept this pair of ready to wear garments the color of mountain gold from me out of sympathy.”“Sir, please accept this pair of ready to wear garments the color of mountain gold from me out of sympathy.”“Well then, Pukkusa, clothe me in one, and Ānanda in the other.”“Well then, Pukkusa, clothe me in one, and Ānanda in the other.”“Yes, sir,” replied Pukkusa, and did so.“Yes, sir,” replied Pukkusa, and did so.

Then the Buddha educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired Pukkusa the Malla with a Dhamma talk,Then the Buddha educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired Pukkusa the Malla with a Dhamma talk,after which he got up from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before leaving.after which he got up from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before leaving.Then, not long after Pukkusa had left, Ānanda placed the pair of garments the color of mountain gold by the Buddha’s body.Then, not long after Pukkusa had left, Ānanda placed the pair of garments the color of mountain gold by the Buddha’s body.

But when placed by the Buddha’s body they seemed to lose their sheen.But when placed by the Buddha’s body they seemed to lose their sheen.Then Ānanda said to the Buddha,Then Ānanda said to the Buddha,“It’s incredible, sir, it’s amazing, how pure and bright is the color of the Realized One’s skin.“It’s incredible, sir, it’s amazing, how pure and bright is the color of the Realized One’s skin.

When this pair of ready to wear garments the color of mountain gold is placed by the Buddha’s body they seem to lose their sheen.”When this pair of ready to wear garments the color of mountain gold is placed by the Buddha’s body they seem to lose their sheen.”“That’s so true, Ānanda, that’s so true! There are two times when the color of the Realized One’s skin becomes extra pure and bright.“That’s so true, Ānanda, that’s so true! There are two times when the color of the Realized One’s skin becomes extra pure and bright.What two?What two?

The night when a Realized One awakens to the supreme perfect awakening; and the night he becomes fully extinguished in the element of extinguishment with no residue.The night when a Realized One awakens to the supreme perfect awakening; and the night he becomes fully extinguished in the element of extinguishment with no residue.These are the are two times when the color of the Realized One’s skin becomes extra pure and bright.These are the are two times when the color of the Realized One’s skin becomes extra pure and bright.Today, Ānanda, in the last watch of the night, between a pair of sal trees in the sal forest of the Mallas at Upavattana near Kusinārā, shall be the Realized One’s full extinguishment.Today, Ānanda, in the last watch of the night, between a pair of sal trees in the sal forest of the Mallas at Upavattana near Kusinārā, shall be the Realized One’s full extinguishment.

Come, Ānanda, let’s go to the Kakudhā River.”Come, Ānanda, let’s go to the Kakudhā River.”“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.A pair of garments the color of mountain goldA pair of garments the color of mountain gold

was presented by Pukkusa;was presented by Pukkusa;when the Teacher was clothed with them,when the Teacher was clothed with them,his snow gold skin glowed bright.his snow gold skin glowed bright.

Then the Buddha together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants went to the Kakudhā River. He plunged into the river and bathed and drank. And when he had emerged, he went to the mango grove,Then the Buddha together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants went to the Kakudhā River. He plunged into the river and bathed and drank. And when he had emerged, he went to the mango grove,where he addressed Venerable Cundaka,where he addressed Venerable Cundaka,“Go on then, Cundaka, fold my outer robe in four and spread it out for me. I am tired and will lie down.”“Go on then, Cundaka, fold my outer robe in four and spread it out for me. I am tired and will lie down.”

“Yes, sir,” replied Cundaka, and did as he was asked.“Yes, sir,” replied Cundaka, and did as he was asked.And then the Buddha laid down in the lion’s posture—on the right side, placing one foot on top of the other—mindful and aware, and focused on the time of getting up.And then the Buddha laid down in the lion’s posture—on the right side, placing one foot on top of the other—mindful and aware, and focused on the time of getting up.But Cundaka sat down right there in front of the Buddha.But Cundaka sat down right there in front of the Buddha.

Having gone to Kakudhā Creek,Having gone to Kakudhā Creek,whose water was transparent, sweet, and clear,whose water was transparent, sweet, and clear,the Teacher, being tired, plunged in,the Teacher, being tired, plunged in,

the Realized One, without compare in the world.the Realized One, without compare in the world.And after bathing and drinking the Teacher emerged.And after bathing and drinking the Teacher emerged.Before the group of mendicants, in the middle, the Buddha,Before the group of mendicants, in the middle, the Buddha,

the Teacher who rolled forth the present dispensation,the Teacher who rolled forth the present dispensation,the great seer went to the mango grove.the great seer went to the mango grove.He addressed the mendicant named Cundaka:He addressed the mendicant named Cundaka:

“Spread out my folded robe so I can lie down.”“Spread out my folded robe so I can lie down.”The evolved one urged Cunda,The evolved one urged Cunda,who quickly spread the folded robe.who quickly spread the folded robe.

The Teacher lay down so tired,The Teacher lay down so tired,while Cunda sat there before him.while Cunda sat there before him.Then the Buddha said to Venerable Ānanda:Then the Buddha said to Venerable Ānanda:

“Now it may happen, Ānanda, that someone may give rise to regret in Cunda the smith:“Now it may happen, Ānanda, that someone may give rise to regret in Cunda the smith:‘It’s your loss, respected Cunda, it’s your misfortune, in that the Realized One was fully quenched after eating his last almsmeal from you.’‘It’s your loss, respected Cunda, it’s your misfortune, in that the Realized One was fully quenched after eating his last almsmeal from you.’You should dispel remorse in Cunda the smith like this:You should dispel remorse in Cunda the smith like this:

‘You’re fortunate, respected Cunda, you’re so very fortunate,‘You’re fortunate, respected Cunda, you’re so very fortunate,in that the Realized One was fully quenched after eating his last almsmeal from you.in that the Realized One was fully quenched after eating his last almsmeal from you.I have heard and learned this in the presence of the Buddha.I have heard and learned this in the presence of the Buddha.

There are two almsmeal offerings that have identical fruit and result, and are more fruitful and beneficial than other almsmeal offerings.There are two almsmeal offerings that have identical fruit and result, and are more fruitful and beneficial than other almsmeal offerings.What two?What two?The almsmeal after eating which a Realized One awakens to the supreme perfect awakening; and the almsmeal after eating which he becomes fully extinguished in the element of extinguishment with no residue.The almsmeal after eating which a Realized One awakens to the supreme perfect awakening; and the almsmeal after eating which he becomes fully extinguished in the element of extinguishment with no residue.

These two almsmeal offerings have identical fruit and result, and are more fruitful and beneficial than other almsmeal offerings.These two almsmeal offerings have identical fruit and result, and are more fruitful and beneficial than other almsmeal offerings.You’ve accumulated a deed that leads to long life, beauty, happiness, fame, heaven, and sovereignty.’You’ve accumulated a deed that leads to long life, beauty, happiness, fame, heaven, and sovereignty.’That’s how you should dispel remorse in Cunda the smith.”That’s how you should dispel remorse in Cunda the smith.”

Then, understanding this matter, on that occasion the Buddha expressed this heartfelt sentiment:Then, understanding this matter, on that occasion the Buddha expressed this heartfelt sentiment:“A giver’s merit grows;“A giver’s merit grows;enmity doesn’t build up when you have self-control.enmity doesn’t build up when you have self-control.

A skillful person gives up bad things—A skillful person gives up bad things—with the end of greed, hate, and delusion, they’re quenched.”with the end of greed, hate, and delusion, they’re quenched.”The fourth recitation section.The fourth recitation section.

26. The Pair of Sal Trees26. The Pair of Sal Trees

Then the Buddha said to Ānanda,Then the Buddha said to Ānanda,“Come, Ānanda, let’s go to the far shore of the Golden River, and on to the sal forest of the Mallas at Upavattana near Kusinārā.”“Come, Ānanda, let’s go to the far shore of the Golden River, and on to the sal forest of the Mallas at Upavattana near Kusinārā.”“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.

And that’s where they went. Then the Buddha addressed Ānanda,And that’s where they went. Then the Buddha addressed Ānanda,“Go on then, Ānanda, set up a cot for me between the twin sal trees, with my head to the north. I am tired and will lie down.”“Go on then, Ānanda, set up a cot for me between the twin sal trees, with my head to the north. I am tired and will lie down.”“Yes, sir,” replied Ānanda, and did as he was asked.“Yes, sir,” replied Ānanda, and did as he was asked.

And then the Buddha laid down in the lion’s posture—on the right side, placing one foot on top of the other—mindful and aware.And then the Buddha laid down in the lion’s posture—on the right side, placing one foot on top of the other—mindful and aware.Now at that time the twin sal trees were in full blossom with flowers out of season.Now at that time the twin sal trees were in full blossom with flowers out of season.They sprinkled and bestrewed the Realized One’s body in honor of the Realized One.They sprinkled and bestrewed the Realized One’s body in honor of the Realized One.

And the flowers of the heavenly Flame Tree fell from the sky, and they too sprinkled and bestrewed the Realized One’s body in honor of the Realized One.And the flowers of the heavenly Flame Tree fell from the sky, and they too sprinkled and bestrewed the Realized One’s body in honor of the Realized One.And heavenly sandalwood powder fell from the sky, and it too sprinkled and bestrewed the Realized One’s body in honor of the Realized One.And heavenly sandalwood powder fell from the sky, and it too sprinkled and bestrewed the Realized One’s body in honor of the Realized One.And heavenly music played in midair in honor of the Realized One.And heavenly music played in midair in honor of the Realized One.

And heavenly choirs sang in midair in honor of the Realized One.And heavenly choirs sang in midair in honor of the Realized One.Then the Buddha pointed out to Ānanda what was happening, adding:Then the Buddha pointed out to Ānanda what was happening, adding:“That’s not the full extent of how the Realized One is honored, respected, revered, venerated, and esteemed.“That’s not the full extent of how the Realized One is honored, respected, revered, venerated, and esteemed.

Any monk or nun or male or female lay follower who practices in line with the teaching, practicing properly, living in line with the teaching—they honor, respect, revere, venerate, and esteem the Realized One with the highest honor.Any monk or nun or male or female lay follower who practices in line with the teaching, practicing properly, living in line with the teaching—they honor, respect, revere, venerate, and esteem the Realized One with the highest honor.So Ānanda, you should train like this: ‘We shall practice in line with the teaching, practicing properly, living in line with the teaching.’”So Ānanda, you should train like this: ‘We shall practice in line with the teaching, practicing properly, living in line with the teaching.’”

27. The Monk Upavāṇa27. The Monk Upavāṇa

Now at that time Venerable Upavāṇa was standing in front of the Buddha fanning him.Now at that time Venerable Upavāṇa was standing in front of the Buddha fanning him.Then the Buddha made him move,Then the Buddha made him move,“Move over, mendicant, don’t stand in front of me.”“Move over, mendicant, don’t stand in front of me.”

Ānanda thought,Ānanda thought,“This Venerable Upavāṇa has been the Buddha’s attendant for a long time, close to him, living in his presence.“This Venerable Upavāṇa has been the Buddha’s attendant for a long time, close to him, living in his presence.Yet in his final hour the Buddha makes him move, saying:Yet in his final hour the Buddha makes him move, saying:

‘Move over, mendicant, don’t stand in front of me.’‘Move over, mendicant, don’t stand in front of me.’What is the cause, what is the reason for this?”What is the cause, what is the reason for this?”