长部第 16 经（Sujato 英译）第 5 阅读页 · The Great Discourse on the Buddha’s Extinguishment · 5/14

Let’s go to the Cāpāla Shrine for the day’s meditation.”Let’s go to the Cāpāla Shrine for the day’s meditation.”“Yes, sir,” replied Ānanda. Taking his sitting cloth he followed behind the Buddha.“Yes, sir,” replied Ānanda. Taking his sitting cloth he followed behind the Buddha.Then the Buddha went up to the Cāpāla Shrine, where he sat down on the seat spread out.Then the Buddha went up to the Cāpāla Shrine, where he sat down on the seat spread out.

Ānanda bowed to the Buddha and sat down to one side.Ānanda bowed to the Buddha and sat down to one side.The Buddha said to him:The Buddha said to him:“Ānanda, Vesālī is lovely. And the Udena, Gotamaka, Seven Maidens, Many Sons, Sārandada, and Cāpāla Shrines are all lovely.“Ānanda, Vesālī is lovely. And the Udena, Gotamaka, Seven Maidens, Many Sons, Sārandada, and Cāpāla Shrines are all lovely.

Whoever has developed and cultivated the four bases of psychic power—made them a vehicle and a basis, kept them up, consolidated them, and properly implemented them—may, if they wish, live for the proper lifespan or what’s left of it.Whoever has developed and cultivated the four bases of psychic power—made them a vehicle and a basis, kept them up, consolidated them, and properly implemented them—may, if they wish, live for the proper lifespan or what’s left of it.The Realized One has developed and cultivated the four bases of psychic power, made them a vehicle and a basis, kept them up, consolidated them, and properly implemented them. If he wished, the Realized One could live for the proper lifespan or what’s left of it.”The Realized One has developed and cultivated the four bases of psychic power, made them a vehicle and a basis, kept them up, consolidated them, and properly implemented them. If he wished, the Realized One could live for the proper lifespan or what’s left of it.”

But Ānanda didn’t get it, even though the Buddha dropped such an obvious hint, such a clear sign.But Ānanda didn’t get it, even though the Buddha dropped such an obvious hint, such a clear sign.He didn’t beg the Buddha:He didn’t beg the Buddha:“Sir, may the Blessed One please remain for the proper lifespan! May the Holy One please remain for the proper lifespan! That would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of sympathy for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans.” For his mind was as if possessed by Māra.“Sir, may the Blessed One please remain for the proper lifespan! May the Holy One please remain for the proper lifespan! That would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of sympathy for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans.” For his mind was as if possessed by Māra.

For a second time …For a second time …And for a third time, the Buddha said to Ānanda:And for a third time, the Buddha said to Ānanda:“Ānanda, Vesālī is lovely. And the Udena, Gotamaka, Seven Maidens, Many Sons, Sārandada, and Cāpāla Shrines are all lovely.“Ānanda, Vesālī is lovely. And the Udena, Gotamaka, Seven Maidens, Many Sons, Sārandada, and Cāpāla Shrines are all lovely.

Whoever has developed and cultivated the four bases of psychic power—made them a vehicle and a basis, kept them up, consolidated them, and properly implemented them—may, if they wish, live for the proper lifespan or what’s left of it.Whoever has developed and cultivated the four bases of psychic power—made them a vehicle and a basis, kept them up, consolidated them, and properly implemented them—may, if they wish, live for the proper lifespan or what’s left of it.The Realized One has developed and cultivated the four bases of psychic power, made them a vehicle and a basis, kept them up, consolidated them, and properly implemented them. If he wished, the Realized One could live for the proper lifespan or what’s left of it.”The Realized One has developed and cultivated the four bases of psychic power, made them a vehicle and a basis, kept them up, consolidated them, and properly implemented them. If he wished, the Realized One could live for the proper lifespan or what’s left of it.”

But Ānanda didn’t get it, even though the Buddha dropped such an obvious hint, such a clear sign.But Ānanda didn’t get it, even though the Buddha dropped such an obvious hint, such a clear sign.He didn’t beg the Buddha:He didn’t beg the Buddha:“Sir, may the Blessed One please remain for the proper lifespan! May the Holy One please remain for the proper lifespan! That would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of sympathy for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans.” For his mind was as if possessed by Māra.“Sir, may the Blessed One please remain for the proper lifespan! May the Holy One please remain for the proper lifespan! That would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of sympathy for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans.” For his mind was as if possessed by Māra.

Then the Buddha got up and said to Venerable Ānanda,Then the Buddha got up and said to Venerable Ānanda,“Go now, Ānanda,“Go now, Ānanda,at your convenience.”at your convenience.”

“Yes, sir,” replied Ānanda. He rose from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before sitting at the root of a tree close by.“Yes, sir,” replied Ānanda. He rose from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before sitting at the root of a tree close by.

14. The Appeal of Māra14. The Appeal of Māra

And then, not long after Ānanda had left, Māra the Wicked went up to the Buddha, stood to one side, and said to him:And then, not long after Ānanda had left, Māra the Wicked went up to the Buddha, stood to one side, and said to him:“Sir, may the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.“Sir, may the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.Sir, you once made this statement:Sir, you once made this statement:

‘Wicked One, I shall not be fully extinguished until I have monk disciples who are competent, educated, assured, learned, have memorized the teachings, and practice in line with the principle of the teaching. Not until they practice properly, living in line with the teaching. Not until they’ve learned their denomination, and explain, teach, assert, establish, disclose, analyze, and make it clear. Not until they can legitimately and completely refute the doctrines of others that come up, and teach with a demonstrable basis.’‘Wicked One, I shall not be fully extinguished until I have monk disciples who are competent, educated, assured, learned, have memorized the teachings, and practice in line with the principle of the teaching. Not until they practice properly, living in line with the teaching. Not until they’ve learned their denomination, and explain, teach, assert, establish, disclose, analyze, and make it clear. Not until they can legitimately and completely refute the doctrines of others that come up, and teach with a demonstrable basis.’

Today you do have such monk disciples.Today you do have such monk disciples.May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.Sir, you once made this statement:Sir, you once made this statement:

‘Wicked One, I shall not be fully extinguished until I have nun disciples who are competent, educated, self-assured, learned …’‘Wicked One, I shall not be fully extinguished until I have nun disciples who are competent, educated, self-assured, learned …’Today you do have such nun disciples.Today you do have such nun disciples.May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.

Sir, you once made this statement:Sir, you once made this statement:‘Wicked One, I shall not be fully extinguished until I have layman disciples who are competent, educated, self-assured, learned …’‘Wicked One, I shall not be fully extinguished until I have layman disciples who are competent, educated, self-assured, learned …’Today you do have such layman disciples.Today you do have such layman disciples.

May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.Sir, you once made this statement:Sir, you once made this statement:‘Wicked One, I shall not be fully extinguished until I have laywoman disciples who are competent, educated, self-assured, learned …’‘Wicked One, I shall not be fully extinguished until I have laywoman disciples who are competent, educated, self-assured, learned …’

Today you do have such laywoman disciples.Today you do have such laywoman disciples.May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.Sir, you once made this statement:Sir, you once made this statement:

‘Wicked One, I will not be fully extinguished until my spiritual path is successful and prosperous, extensive, popular, widespread, and fully revealed among gods and humans.’‘Wicked One, I will not be fully extinguished until my spiritual path is successful and prosperous, extensive, popular, widespread, and fully revealed among gods and humans.’Today your spiritual path is successful and prosperous, extensive, popular, widespread, and fully revealed among gods and humans.Today your spiritual path is successful and prosperous, extensive, popular, widespread, and fully revealed among gods and humans.May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.”May the Blessed One now be fully extinguished! May the Holy One now be fully extinguished! Now is the time for the full extinguishment of the Buddha.”

When this was said, the Buddha said to Māra,When this was said, the Buddha said to Māra,“Relax, Wicked One. The full extinguishment of the Realized One will be soon.“Relax, Wicked One. The full extinguishment of the Realized One will be soon.Three months from now the Realized One will be fully extinguished.”Three months from now the Realized One will be fully extinguished.”

15. Surrendering the Life Force15. Surrendering the Life Force

So at the Cāpāla Shrine the Buddha, mindful and aware, surrendered the life force.So at the Cāpāla Shrine the Buddha, mindful and aware, surrendered the life force.When he did so there was a great earthquake, awe-inspiring and hair-raising, and thunder cracked the sky.When he did so there was a great earthquake, awe-inspiring and hair-raising, and thunder cracked the sky.Then, understanding this matter, on that occasion the Buddha expressed this heartfelt sentiment:Then, understanding this matter, on that occasion the Buddha expressed this heartfelt sentiment:

“Comparing the incomparable with the creation of prolonged life,“Comparing the incomparable with the creation of prolonged life,the sage surrendered the life force.the sage surrendered the life force.Happy inside, serene,Happy inside, serene,

he shattered self-creation like a suit of armor.”he shattered self-creation like a suit of armor.”

16. The Causes of Earthquakes16. The Causes of Earthquakes

Then Venerable Ānanda thought,Then Venerable Ānanda thought,“How incredible, how amazing! That was a really big earthquake!“How incredible, how amazing! That was a really big earthquake!That was really a very big earthquake; awe-inspiring and hair-raising, and thunder cracked the sky!That was really a very big earthquake; awe-inspiring and hair-raising, and thunder cracked the sky!

What’s the cause, what’s the reason for a great earthquake?”What’s the cause, what’s the reason for a great earthquake?”Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha,Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha,bowed, sat down to one side,bowed, sat down to one side,

and said to him,and said to him,“How incredible, sir, how amazing!“How incredible, sir, how amazing!That was a really big earthquake!That was a really big earthquake!

That was really a very big earthquake; awe-inspiring and hair-raising, and thunder cracked the sky!That was really a very big earthquake; awe-inspiring and hair-raising, and thunder cracked the sky!What’s the cause, what’s the reason for a great earthquake?”What’s the cause, what’s the reason for a great earthquake?”“Ānanda, there are these eight causes and reasons for a great earthquake.“Ānanda, there are these eight causes and reasons for a great earthquake.

What eight?What eight?This great earth is established on water, the water is established on air, and the air stands in space. At a time when a great wind blows, it stirs the water, and the water stirs the earth.This great earth is established on water, the water is established on air, and the air stands in space. At a time when a great wind blows, it stirs the water, and the water stirs the earth.This is the first cause and reason for a great earthquake.This is the first cause and reason for a great earthquake.

Furthermore, there is an ascetic or brahmin with psychic power who has achieved mastery of the mind, or a god who is mighty and powerful. They’ve developed a limited perception of earth and a limitless perception of water. They make the earth shake and rock and tremble.Furthermore, there is an ascetic or brahmin with psychic power who has achieved mastery of the mind, or a god who is mighty and powerful. They’ve developed a limited perception of earth and a limitless perception of water. They make the earth shake and rock and tremble.This is the second cause and reason for a great earthquake.This is the second cause and reason for a great earthquake.Furthermore, when the being intent on awakening passes away from the host of joyful gods, he’s conceived in his mother’s womb, mindful and aware. Then the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.Furthermore, when the being intent on awakening passes away from the host of joyful gods, he’s conceived in his mother’s womb, mindful and aware. Then the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.

This is the third cause and reason for a great earthquake.This is the third cause and reason for a great earthquake.Furthermore, when the being intent on awakening comes out of his mother’s womb mindful and aware, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.Furthermore, when the being intent on awakening comes out of his mother’s womb mindful and aware, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.This is the fourth cause and reason for a great earthquake.This is the fourth cause and reason for a great earthquake.

Furthermore, when the Realized One awakens to the supreme perfect awakening, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.Furthermore, when the Realized One awakens to the supreme perfect awakening, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.This is the fifth cause and reason for a great earthquake.This is the fifth cause and reason for a great earthquake.Furthermore, when the Realized One rolls forth the supreme Wheel of Dhamma, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.Furthermore, when the Realized One rolls forth the supreme Wheel of Dhamma, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.

This is the sixth cause and reason for a great earthquake.This is the sixth cause and reason for a great earthquake.Furthermore, when the Realized One, mindful and aware, surrenders the life force, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.Furthermore, when the Realized One, mindful and aware, surrenders the life force, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.This is the seventh cause and reason for a great earthquake.This is the seventh cause and reason for a great earthquake.

Furthermore, when the Realized One becomes fully extinguished in the element of extinguishment with no residue, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.Furthermore, when the Realized One becomes fully extinguished in the element of extinguishment with no residue, the earth shakes and rocks and trembles.This is the eighth cause and reason for a great earthquake.This is the eighth cause and reason for a great earthquake.These are the eight causes and reasons for a great earthquake.These are the eight causes and reasons for a great earthquake.

17. Eight Assemblies17. Eight Assemblies

There are, Ānanda, these eight assemblies.There are, Ānanda, these eight assemblies.What eight?What eight?The assemblies of aristocrats, brahmins, householders, and ascetics. An assembly of the gods of the four great kings. An assembly of the gods of the thirty-three. An assembly of Māras. An assembly of divinities.The assemblies of aristocrats, brahmins, householders, and ascetics. An assembly of the gods of the four great kings. An assembly of the gods of the thirty-three. An assembly of Māras. An assembly of divinities.

I recall having approached an assembly of hundreds of aristocrats.I recall having approached an assembly of hundreds of aristocrats.There I used to sit with them, converse, and engage in discussion.There I used to sit with them, converse, and engage in discussion.And my appearance and voice became just like theirs.And my appearance and voice became just like theirs.

I educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired them with a Dhamma talk.I educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired them with a Dhamma talk.But when I spoke they didn’t know:But when I spoke they didn’t know:‘Who is this that speaks? Is it a god or a human?’‘Who is this that speaks? Is it a god or a human?’

And when my Dhamma talk was finished I vanished.And when my Dhamma talk was finished I vanished.But when I vanished they didn’t know:But when I vanished they didn’t know:‘Who was that who vanished? Was it a god or a human?’‘Who was that who vanished? Was it a god or a human?’

I recall having approached an assembly of hundreds of brahmins …I recall having approached an assembly of hundreds of brahmins …householders …householders …ascetics …ascetics …

the gods of the four great kings …the gods of the four great kings …the gods of the thirty-three …the gods of the thirty-three …Māras …Māras …

divinities.divinities.There too I used to sit with them, converse, and engage in discussion.There too I used to sit with them, converse, and engage in discussion.And my appearance and voice became just like theirs.And my appearance and voice became just like theirs.

I educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired them with a Dhamma talk.I educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired them with a Dhamma talk.But when I spoke they didn’t know:But when I spoke they didn’t know:‘Who is this that speaks? Is it a god or a human?’‘Who is this that speaks? Is it a god or a human?’

And when my Dhamma talk was finished I vanished.And when my Dhamma talk was finished I vanished.But when I vanished they didn’t know:But when I vanished they didn’t know:‘Who was that who vanished? Was it a god or a human?’‘Who was that who vanished? Was it a god or a human?’

These are the eight assemblies.These are the eight assemblies.

18. Eight Dimensions of Mastery18. Eight Dimensions of Mastery

Ānanda, there are these eight dimensions of mastery.Ānanda, there are these eight dimensions of mastery.What eight?What eight?