长部第 30 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Marks of a Great Man · 1/6

Long Discourses 30Long Discourses 30The Marks of a Great ManThe Marks of a Great Man

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,

“Mendicants!”“Mendicants!”“Venerable sir,” they replied.“Venerable sir,” they replied.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:

“There are thirty-two marks of a great man. A great man who possesses these has only two possible destinies, no other.“There are thirty-two marks of a great man. A great man who possesses these has only two possible destinies, no other.If he stays at home he becomes a king, a wheel-turning monarch, a just and principled king. His dominion extends to all four sides, he achieves stability in the country, and he possesses the seven treasures.If he stays at home he becomes a king, a wheel-turning monarch, a just and principled king. His dominion extends to all four sides, he achieves stability in the country, and he possesses the seven treasures.He has the following seven treasures:He has the following seven treasures:

the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the householder, and the commander as the seventh treasure.the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the householder, and the commander as the seventh treasure.He has over a thousand sons who are valiant and heroic, crushing the armies of his enemies.He has over a thousand sons who are valiant and heroic, crushing the armies of his enemies.After conquering this land girt by sea, he reigns by principle, without rod or sword.After conquering this land girt by sea, he reigns by principle, without rod or sword.

But if he goes forth from the lay life to homelessness, he becomes a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha, who has cast off the world’s veil.But if he goes forth from the lay life to homelessness, he becomes a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha, who has cast off the world’s veil.And what are the thirty-two marks?And what are the thirty-two marks?He has well-planted feet.He has well-planted feet.

On the soles of his feet there are thousand-spoked wheels, with rims and hubs, complete in every detail.On the soles of his feet there are thousand-spoked wheels, with rims and hubs, complete in every detail.He has stretched heels.He has stretched heels.He has long fingers.He has long fingers.

His hands and feet are soft and tender.His hands and feet are soft and tender.He has serried hands and feet.He has serried hands and feet.The tops of his feet are arched.The tops of his feet are arched.

His calves are like those of an antelope.His calves are like those of an antelope.When standing upright and not bending over, the palms of both hands touch the knees.When standing upright and not bending over, the palms of both hands touch the knees.His private parts are sheathed in a foreskin.His private parts are sheathed in a foreskin.

He is golden colored; his skin shines like lustrous gold.He is golden colored; his skin shines like lustrous gold.He has delicate skin, so delicate that dust and dirt don’t stick to his body.He has delicate skin, so delicate that dust and dirt don’t stick to his body.His hairs grow one per pore.His hairs grow one per pore.

His hairs stand up; they’re blue-black and curl clockwise.His hairs stand up; they’re blue-black and curl clockwise.His body is tall and straight-limbed.His body is tall and straight-limbed.He has bulging muscles in seven places.He has bulging muscles in seven places.

His chest is like that of a lion.His chest is like that of a lion.He is filled out between the shoulders.He is filled out between the shoulders.He has the proportional circumference of a banyan tree: the span of his arms equals the height of his body.He has the proportional circumference of a banyan tree: the span of his arms equals the height of his body.

His torso is cylindrical.His torso is cylindrical.He has ridged taste buds.He has ridged taste buds.His jaw is like that of a lion.His jaw is like that of a lion.

He has forty teeth.He has forty teeth.His teeth are even.His teeth are even.His teeth have no gaps.His teeth have no gaps.

His teeth are perfectly white.His teeth are perfectly white.He has a large tongue.He has a large tongue.He has the voice of the Divinity, like a cuckoo’s call.He has the voice of the Divinity, like a cuckoo’s call.

His eyes are indigo.His eyes are indigo.He has eyelashes like a cow’s.He has eyelashes like a cow’s.Between his eyebrows there grows a tuft, soft and white like cotton-wool.Between his eyebrows there grows a tuft, soft and white like cotton-wool.

The crown of his head is like a turban.The crown of his head is like a turban.These are the thirty-two marks of a great man. A great man who possesses these has only two possible destinies, no other.These are the thirty-two marks of a great man. A great man who possesses these has only two possible destinies, no other.Seers who are outsiders remember these marks, but they do not knowSeers who are outsiders remember these marks, but they do not know

the specific deeds performed in the past to obtain each mark.the specific deeds performed in the past to obtain each mark.

1. Well-Planted Feet1. Well-Planted Feet

In some past lives, past existences, past abodes the Realized One was reborn as a human being. He firmly and persistently undertook skillful behaviors such as good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, giving and sharing, taking precepts, observing the sabbath, paying due respect to mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, honoring the elders in the family, and various other things pertaining to skillful behaviors.In some past lives, past existences, past abodes the Realized One was reborn as a human being. He firmly and persistently undertook skillful behaviors such as good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, giving and sharing, taking precepts, observing the sabbath, paying due respect to mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, honoring the elders in the family, and various other things pertaining to skillful behaviors.

Due to performing, accumulating, heaping up, and amassing those deeds, when his body broke up, after death, he was reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.Due to performing, accumulating, heaping up, and amassing those deeds, when his body broke up, after death, he was reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.There he surpassed the other gods in ten respects: heavenly lifespan, beauty, happiness, glory, sovereignty, sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches.There he surpassed the other gods in ten respects: heavenly lifespan, beauty, happiness, glory, sovereignty, sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches.When he passed away from there and came back to this place he obtained this mark of a great man:When he passed away from there and came back to this place he obtained this mark of a great man:

he has well-planted feet.he has well-planted feet.He places his foot on the ground evenly, raises it evenly, and touches the ground evenly with the whole sole of his foot.He places his foot on the ground evenly, raises it evenly, and touches the ground evenly with the whole sole of his foot.Possessing this mark, if he stays at home he becomes a wheel-turning monarch.Possessing this mark, if he stays at home he becomes a wheel-turning monarch.

He has the following seven treasures:He has the following seven treasures:the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the householder, and the commander as the seventh treasure.the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the householder, and the commander as the seventh treasure.He has over a thousand sons who are valiant and heroic, crushing the armies of his enemies.He has over a thousand sons who are valiant and heroic, crushing the armies of his enemies.

After conquering this land girt by sea—free of harassment by bandits, successful and prosperous, safe, blessed, free of pests—he reigns by principle, without rod or sword.After conquering this land girt by sea—free of harassment by bandits, successful and prosperous, safe, blessed, free of pests—he reigns by principle, without rod or sword.And what does he obtain as king?And what does he obtain as king?He can’t be stopped by any human foe or enemy.He can’t be stopped by any human foe or enemy.

That’s what he obtains as king.That’s what he obtains as king.But if he goes forth from the lay life to homelessness, he becomes a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha, who has cast off the world’s veil.But if he goes forth from the lay life to homelessness, he becomes a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha, who has cast off the world’s veil.And what does he obtain as Buddha?And what does he obtain as Buddha?

He can’t be stopped by any foe or enemy whether internal or external; nor by greed, hate, or delusion; nor by any ascetic or brahmin or god or Māra or divinity or by anyone in the world.He can’t be stopped by any foe or enemy whether internal or external; nor by greed, hate, or delusion; nor by any ascetic or brahmin or god or Māra or divinity or by anyone in the world.That’s what he obtains as Buddha.”That’s what he obtains as Buddha.”The Buddha spoke this matter.The Buddha spoke this matter.

On this it is said:On this it is said:“Truth, principle, self-control, and restraint;“Truth, principle, self-control, and restraint;purity, precepts, and observing the sabbath;purity, precepts, and observing the sabbath;

giving, harmlessness, delighting in non-violence—giving, harmlessness, delighting in non-violence—firmly undertaking these things, he lived accordingly.firmly undertaking these things, he lived accordingly.By means of these deeds he went to heaven,By means of these deeds he went to heaven,

where he enjoyed happiness and merriment.where he enjoyed happiness and merriment.After passing away from there to here,After passing away from there to here,he steps evenly on this rich earth.he steps evenly on this rich earth.

The gathered soothsayers predictedThe gathered soothsayers predictedthat there is no stopping one of such even tread,that there is no stopping one of such even tread,as householder or renunciate.as householder or renunciate.

That’s the meaning shown by this mark.That’s the meaning shown by this mark.While living at home he cannot be stopped,While living at home he cannot be stopped,he defeats his foes, and cannot be beaten.he defeats his foes, and cannot be beaten.

Due to the fruit of that deed,Due to the fruit of that deed,he cannot be stopped by any human.he cannot be stopped by any human.But if one such chooses the life gone forth,But if one such chooses the life gone forth,

seeing clearly, loving renunciation,seeing clearly, loving renunciation,not even the best can ever stop him;not even the best can ever stop him;this is the nature of the supreme man.”this is the nature of the supreme man.”

2. Wheels on the Feet2. Wheels on the Feet

“Mendicants, in some past lives the Realized One was reborn as a human being.“Mendicants, in some past lives the Realized One was reborn as a human being.He conveyed happiness to many people, casting out threats, terror, and danger, providing just protection and security, and giving gifts with all the trimmings.He conveyed happiness to many people, casting out threats, terror, and danger, providing just protection and security, and giving gifts with all the trimmings.Due to performing those deeds he was reborn in a heavenly realm.Due to performing those deeds he was reborn in a heavenly realm.

When he came back to this place he obtained this mark:When he came back to this place he obtained this mark:on the soles of his feet there are thousand-spoked wheels, with rims and hubs, complete in every detail and well divided inside.on the soles of his feet there are thousand-spoked wheels, with rims and hubs, complete in every detail and well divided inside.Possessing this mark, if he stays at home he becomes a wheel-turning monarch.Possessing this mark, if he stays at home he becomes a wheel-turning monarch.

And what does he obtain as king?And what does he obtain as king?He has a large followingHe has a large followingof brahmins and householders, people of town and country, treasurers and chief ministers, military officers, guardsmen, ministers, councillors, rulers, tax beneficiaries, and princes.of brahmins and householders, people of town and country, treasurers and chief ministers, military officers, guardsmen, ministers, councillors, rulers, tax beneficiaries, and princes.

That’s what he obtains as king.That’s what he obtains as king.But if he goes forth from the lay life to homelessness, he becomes a fully awakened Buddha.But if he goes forth from the lay life to homelessness, he becomes a fully awakened Buddha.And what does he obtain as Buddha?And what does he obtain as Buddha?

He has a large followingHe has a large followingof monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen, gods, humans, titans, dragons, and centaurs.of monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen, gods, humans, titans, dragons, and centaurs.That’s what he obtains as Buddha.”That’s what he obtains as Buddha.”

The Buddha spoke this matter.The Buddha spoke this matter.On this it is said:On this it is said:“In olden days, in past lives,“In olden days, in past lives,

he brought happiness to many people,he brought happiness to many people,ridding them of fear, terror, and danger,ridding them of fear, terror, and danger,eagerly guarding and protecting them.eagerly guarding and protecting them.

By means of these deeds he went to heaven,By means of these deeds he went to heaven,where he enjoyed happiness and merriment.where he enjoyed happiness and merriment.After passing away from there to here,After passing away from there to here,

wheels on his two feet are found,wheels on his two feet are found,all rimmed around and thousand-spoked.all rimmed around and thousand-spoked.The gathered soothsayers predicted,The gathered soothsayers predicted,