增支部第 3 集（Sujato 英译）第 61 阅读页 · AN3.61 · Sectarian Tenets

Numbered Discourses 3.61Numbered Discourses 3.617. The Great Chapter7. The Great Chapter

Sectarian TenetsSectarian Tenets“Mendicants, these three sectarian tenets—as pursued, pressed, and grilled by the astute—when taken to their conclusion, end with inaction.“Mendicants, these three sectarian tenets—as pursued, pressed, and grilled by the astute—when taken to their conclusion, end with inaction.What three?What three?

There are some ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view:There are some ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view:‘Everything this individual person experiences—pleasurable, painful, or neutral—is because of past deeds.’‘Everything this individual person experiences—pleasurable, painful, or neutral—is because of past deeds.’There are some ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view:There are some ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view:

‘Everything this individual person experiences—pleasurable, painful, or neutral—is because of God Almighty’s creation.’‘Everything this individual person experiences—pleasurable, painful, or neutral—is because of God Almighty’s creation.’There are some ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view:There are some ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view:‘Everything this individual person experiences—pleasurable, painful, or neutral—has no cause or reason.’‘Everything this individual person experiences—pleasurable, painful, or neutral—has no cause or reason.’

Regarding this, I went up to the ascetics and brahmins whose view is thatRegarding this, I went up to the ascetics and brahmins whose view is thateverything an individual person experiences is because of past deeds, and I said to them:everything an individual person experiences is because of past deeds, and I said to them:‘Is it really true that this is the venerables’ view?’‘Is it really true that this is the venerables’ view?’

And they answered, ‘Yes’.And they answered, ‘Yes’.I said to them:I said to them:‘In that case, you might kill living creatures, steal, be unchaste; use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; be covetous, malicious, or have wrong view, all because of past deeds.’‘In that case, you might kill living creatures, steal, be unchaste; use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; be covetous, malicious, or have wrong view, all because of past deeds.’

Those who believe that past deeds are the most important thing have no enthusiasm or effort, no idea that there are things that should and should not be done.Those who believe that past deeds are the most important thing have no enthusiasm or effort, no idea that there are things that should and should not be done.Not finding as a genuine fact that there are things that should and should not be done, they’re unmindful and careless, and can’t rightly be called ascetics.Not finding as a genuine fact that there are things that should and should not be done, they’re unmindful and careless, and can’t rightly be called ascetics.This is my first legitimate refutation of the ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view.This is my first legitimate refutation of the ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view.

Regarding this, I went up to the ascetics and brahmins whose view is thatRegarding this, I went up to the ascetics and brahmins whose view is thateverything that an individual person experiences is because of God Almighty’s creation, and I said to them:everything that an individual person experiences is because of God Almighty’s creation, and I said to them:‘Is it really true that this is the venerables’ view?’‘Is it really true that this is the venerables’ view?’

And they answered, ‘Yes’.And they answered, ‘Yes’.I said to them:I said to them:‘In that case, you might kill living creatures, steal, be unchaste; use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; be covetous, malicious, or have wrong view, all because of God Almighty’s creation.’‘In that case, you might kill living creatures, steal, be unchaste; use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; be covetous, malicious, or have wrong view, all because of God Almighty’s creation.’

Those who believe that God Almighty’s creative power is the most important thing have no enthusiasm, no effort, no idea that there are things that should and should not be done.Those who believe that God Almighty’s creative power is the most important thing have no enthusiasm, no effort, no idea that there are things that should and should not be done.Not finding as a genuine fact that there are things that should and should not be done, they’re unmindful and careless, and can’t rightly be called ascetics.Not finding as a genuine fact that there are things that should and should not be done, they’re unmindful and careless, and can’t rightly be called ascetics.This is my second legitimate refutation of the ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view.This is my second legitimate refutation of the ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view.

Regarding this, I went up to the ascetics and brahmins whose view is thatRegarding this, I went up to the ascetics and brahmins whose view is thateverything that an individual person experiences has no cause or reason, and I said to them:everything that an individual person experiences has no cause or reason, and I said to them:‘Is it really true that this is the venerables’ view?’‘Is it really true that this is the venerables’ view?’

And they answered, ‘Yes’.And they answered, ‘Yes’.I said to them:I said to them:‘In that case, you might kill living creatures, steal, be unchaste; use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; be covetous, malicious, or have wrong view, all without cause or reason.’‘In that case, you might kill living creatures, steal, be unchaste; use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; be covetous, malicious, or have wrong view, all without cause or reason.’

Those who believe that the absence of cause or reason is the most important thing have no enthusiasm, no effort, no idea that there are things that should and should not be done.Those who believe that the absence of cause or reason is the most important thing have no enthusiasm, no effort, no idea that there are things that should and should not be done.Not finding as a genuine fact that there are things that should and should not be done, they’re unmindful and careless, and can’t rightly be called ascetics.Not finding as a genuine fact that there are things that should and should not be done, they’re unmindful and careless, and can’t rightly be called ascetics.This is my third legitimate refutation of the ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view.This is my third legitimate refutation of the ascetics and brahmins who have this doctrine and view.

These are the three sectarian tenets—as pursued, pressed, and grilled by the astute—which, when taken to their conclusion, end with inaction.These are the three sectarian tenets—as pursued, pressed, and grilled by the astute—which, when taken to their conclusion, end with inaction.But the Dhamma that I’ve taught is irrefutable, uncorrupted, beyond reproach, and not scorned by sensible ascetics and brahmins.But the Dhamma that I’ve taught is irrefutable, uncorrupted, beyond reproach, and not scorned by sensible ascetics and brahmins.What is the Dhamma that I’ve taught?What is the Dhamma that I’ve taught?

‘These are the six elements’: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …‘These are the six elements’: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …‘These are the six fields of contact’: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …‘These are the six fields of contact’: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …‘These are the eighteen mental preoccupations’: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …‘These are the eighteen mental preoccupations’: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …

‘These are the four noble truths’: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught that is irrefutable, uncorrupted, beyond reproach, and is not scorned by sensible ascetics and brahmins.‘These are the four noble truths’: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught that is irrefutable, uncorrupted, beyond reproach, and is not scorned by sensible ascetics and brahmins.‘“These are the six elements”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’‘“These are the six elements”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’That’s what I said,That’s what I said,

but why did I say it?but why did I say it?There are these six elements:There are these six elements:the elements of earth, water, fire, air, space, and consciousness.the elements of earth, water, fire, air, space, and consciousness.

‘“These are the six elements”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’‘“These are the six elements”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.‘“These are the six fields of contact”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’‘“These are the six fields of contact”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’

That’s what I said,That’s what I said,but why did I say it?but why did I say it?There are these six fields of contact:There are these six fields of contact:

eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind contact.eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind contact.‘“These are the six fields of contact”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’‘“These are the six fields of contact”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.

‘“These are the eighteen mental preoccupations”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’‘“These are the eighteen mental preoccupations”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’This is what I said,This is what I said,but why did I say it?but why did I say it?

Seeing a sight with their eyes, one is preoccupied with a sight that’s a basis for happiness or sadness or equanimity.Seeing a sight with their eyes, one is preoccupied with a sight that’s a basis for happiness or sadness or equanimity.Hearing a sound with their ears …Hearing a sound with their ears …Smelling an odor with their nose …Smelling an odor with their nose …

Tasting a flavor with their tongue …Tasting a flavor with their tongue …Encountering a touch with their body …Encountering a touch with their body …Becoming conscious of an idea with their mind, one is preoccupied with an idea that’s a basis for happiness or sadness or equanimity.Becoming conscious of an idea with their mind, one is preoccupied with an idea that’s a basis for happiness or sadness or equanimity.

‘“These are the eighteen mental preoccupations”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’‘“These are the eighteen mental preoccupations”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.‘“These are the four noble truths”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’‘“These are the four noble truths”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught …’

That’s what I said,That’s what I said,but why did I say it?but why did I say it?Supported by the six elements, an embryo is conceived.Supported by the six elements, an embryo is conceived.

When it is conceived, there are name and form. Name and form are requirements for the six sense fields. The six sense fields are requirements for contact. Contact is a requirement for feeling.When it is conceived, there are name and form. Name and form are requirements for the six sense fields. The six sense fields are requirements for contact. Contact is a requirement for feeling.It’s for one who feels that I declare: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’.It’s for one who feels that I declare: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’.

And what is the noble truth of suffering?And what is the noble truth of suffering?Rebirth is suffering; old age is suffering; death is suffering; sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress are suffering; being coupled with the disliked is suffering; separation from the liked is suffering; not getting what you wish for is suffering. In brief, the five grasping aggregates are suffering.Rebirth is suffering; old age is suffering; death is suffering; sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress are suffering; being coupled with the disliked is suffering; separation from the liked is suffering; not getting what you wish for is suffering. In brief, the five grasping aggregates are suffering.This is called the noble truth of suffering.This is called the noble truth of suffering.

And what is the noble truth of the origin of suffering?And what is the noble truth of the origin of suffering?Ignorance is a requirement for choices.Ignorance is a requirement for choices.Choices are a requirement for consciousness.Choices are a requirement for consciousness.

Consciousness is a requirement for name and form.Consciousness is a requirement for name and form.Name and form are requirements for the six sense fields.Name and form are requirements for the six sense fields.The six sense fields are requirements for contact.The six sense fields are requirements for contact.

Contact is a requirement for feeling.Contact is a requirement for feeling.Feeling is a requirement for craving.Feeling is a requirement for craving.Craving is a requirement for grasping.Craving is a requirement for grasping.

Grasping is a requirement for continued existence.Grasping is a requirement for continued existence.Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth.Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth.Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress to come to be.Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress to come to be.

That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.This is called the noble truth of the origin of suffering.This is called the noble truth of the origin of suffering.And what is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering?And what is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering?

When ignorance fades away and ceases no residue left behind, choices cease.When ignorance fades away and ceases no residue left behind, choices cease.When choices cease, consciousness ceases.When choices cease, consciousness ceases.When consciousness ceases, name and form cease.When consciousness ceases, name and form cease.

When name and form cease, the six sense fields cease.When name and form cease, the six sense fields cease.When the six sense fields cease, contact ceases.When the six sense fields cease, contact ceases.When contact ceases, feeling ceases.When contact ceases, feeling ceases.

When feeling ceases, craving ceases.When feeling ceases, craving ceases.When craving ceases, grasping ceases.When craving ceases, grasping ceases.When grasping ceases, continued existence ceases.When grasping ceases, continued existence ceases.

When continued existence ceases, rebirth ceases.When continued existence ceases, rebirth ceases.When rebirth ceases, old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress cease.When rebirth ceases, old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress cease.That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.

This is called the noble truth of the cessation of suffering.This is called the noble truth of the cessation of suffering.And what is the noble truth of the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering?And what is the noble truth of the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering?It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:

right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.This is called the noble truth of the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.This is called the noble truth of the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.‘“These are the four noble truths”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught that is irrefutable, uncorrupted, beyond reproach, and is not scorned by sensible ascetics and brahmins.’‘“These are the four noble truths”: this is the Dhamma I’ve taught that is irrefutable, uncorrupted, beyond reproach, and is not scorned by sensible ascetics and brahmins.’

That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.”That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.”