增支部第 3 集（Sujato 英译）第 60 阅读页 · AN3.60 · With Saṅgārava

Numbered Discourses 3.60Numbered Discourses 3.606. Brahmins6. Brahmins

With SaṅgāravaWith SaṅgāravaThen Saṅgārava the brahmin went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.Then Saṅgārava the brahmin went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha:When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha:

“Worthy Gotama, we who are called brahmins“Worthy Gotama, we who are called brahminsmake sacrifices and encourage others to make sacrifices.make sacrifices and encourage others to make sacrifices.Now, worthy Gotama, both of these people—the one who sacrifices and the one who encourages others to sacrifice—are doing good for many people on account of that sacrifice.Now, worthy Gotama, both of these people—the one who sacrifices and the one who encourages others to sacrifice—are doing good for many people on account of that sacrifice.

But, worthy Gotama, when someone has gone forth from the lay life to homelessness, they tame, calm, and extinguish themselves alone. That being so, they are doing good for just one person on account of that going forth.”But, worthy Gotama, when someone has gone forth from the lay life to homelessness, they tame, calm, and extinguish themselves alone. That being so, they are doing good for just one person on account of that going forth.”“Well then, brahmin, I’ll ask you about this in return, and you can answer as you like.“Well then, brahmin, I’ll ask you about this in return, and you can answer as you like.What do you think, brahmin?What do you think, brahmin?

A Realized One arises in the world, perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.A Realized One arises in the world, perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.He says,He says,‘Come, this is the path, this is the practice. Practicing like this, I realized the supreme objective of the spiritual life with my own insight, and I make it known.‘Come, this is the path, this is the practice. Practicing like this, I realized the supreme objective of the spiritual life with my own insight, and I make it known.

Please, all of you, practice like this, and you too will realize the supreme objective of the spiritual life, and will live having realized it with your own insight.’Please, all of you, practice like this, and you too will realize the supreme objective of the spiritual life, and will live having realized it with your own insight.’So the Teacher teaches Dhamma, and others practice accordingly, in their hundreds and thousands, and hundreds of thousands.So the Teacher teaches Dhamma, and others practice accordingly, in their hundreds and thousands, and hundreds of thousands.What do you think, brahmin?What do you think, brahmin?

This being so, are they doing good for just one person or for many people on account of going forth?”This being so, are they doing good for just one person or for many people on account of going forth?”“This being so, worthy Gotama, they are doing good for many people on account of going forth.”“This being so, worthy Gotama, they are doing good for many people on account of going forth.”When he said this, Venerable Ānanda said to Saṅgārava,When he said this, Venerable Ānanda said to Saṅgārava,

“Brahmin, which of these two practices do you believe has fewer obligations and undertakings, yet is more fruitful and beneficial?”“Brahmin, which of these two practices do you believe has fewer obligations and undertakings, yet is more fruitful and beneficial?”Saṅgārava said to Ānanda,Saṅgārava said to Ānanda,“Those such as the worthies Gotama and Ānanda“Those such as the worthies Gotama and Ānanda

are honored and praised by me!”are honored and praised by me!”For a second time, Ānanda said to Saṅgārava,For a second time, Ānanda said to Saṅgārava,“Brahmin, I didn’t ask you“Brahmin, I didn’t ask you

who you honor and praise.who you honor and praise.I asked youI asked youwhich of these two practices do you believe has fewer obligations and undertakings, yet is more fruitful and beneficial?”which of these two practices do you believe has fewer obligations and undertakings, yet is more fruitful and beneficial?”

For a second time Saṅgārava said to Ānanda,For a second time Saṅgārava said to Ānanda,“Those such as the worthies Gotama and Ānanda“Those such as the worthies Gotama and Ānandaare honored and praised by me!”are honored and praised by me!”

For a third time, Ānanda said to Saṅgārava,For a third time, Ānanda said to Saṅgārava,“Brahmin, I didn’t ask you“Brahmin, I didn’t ask youwho you honor and praise.who you honor and praise.

I asked youI asked youwhich of these two practices do you believe has fewer obligations and undertakings, yet is more fruitful and beneficial?”which of these two practices do you believe has fewer obligations and undertakings, yet is more fruitful and beneficial?”For a third time Saṅgārava said to Ānanda,For a third time Saṅgārava said to Ānanda,

“Those such as the worthies Gotama and Ānanda“Those such as the worthies Gotama and Ānandaare honored and praised by me!”are honored and praised by me!”Then it occurred to the Buddha,Then it occurred to the Buddha,

“Though Ānanda asked him a sensible question three times, Saṅgārava falters without answering.“Though Ānanda asked him a sensible question three times, Saṅgārava falters without answering.Why don’t I give him a way out?”Why don’t I give him a way out?”So the Buddha said to Saṅgārava,So the Buddha said to Saṅgārava,

“Brahmin, what came up in the conversation among the king’s retinue today, sitting together in the royal compound?”“Brahmin, what came up in the conversation among the king’s retinue today, sitting together in the royal compound?”“Worthy Gotama, this came up:“Worthy Gotama, this came up:‘Formerly, it seems, there were fewer mendicants, but more of them displayed superhuman demonstrations of psychic power;‘Formerly, it seems, there were fewer mendicants, but more of them displayed superhuman demonstrations of psychic power;

while these days, there are more mendicants, but fewer display superhuman demonstrations of psychic power.’while these days, there are more mendicants, but fewer display superhuman demonstrations of psychic power.’This is what came up in the conversation among the king’s retinue today, while sitting together in the royal compound.”This is what came up in the conversation among the king’s retinue today, while sitting together in the royal compound.”“Brahmin, there are three kinds of demonstration.“Brahmin, there are three kinds of demonstration.

What three?What three?A demonstration of psychic power, a demonstration of revealing, and a demonstration of instruction.A demonstration of psychic power, a demonstration of revealing, and a demonstration of instruction.And what is the demonstration of psychic power?And what is the demonstration of psychic power?

It’s when someone wields the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again; materializing and dematerializing; going unobstructed through a wall, a rampart, or a mountain as if through space; diving in and out of the earth as if it were water; walking on water as if it were earth; flying cross-legged through the sky like a bird; touching and stroking with the hand the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful. They control the body as far as the realm of divinity.It’s when someone wields the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again; materializing and dematerializing; going unobstructed through a wall, a rampart, or a mountain as if through space; diving in and out of the earth as if it were water; walking on water as if it were earth; flying cross-legged through the sky like a bird; touching and stroking with the hand the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful. They control the body as far as the realm of divinity.

This is called the demonstration of psychic power.This is called the demonstration of psychic power.And what is the demonstration of revealing?And what is the demonstration of revealing?In one case, someone reveals by means of a sign:In one case, someone reveals by means of a sign:

‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.In another case, someone reveals after hearing it from humans or non-humans or deities:In another case, someone reveals after hearing it from humans or non-humans or deities:

‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.In another case, someone reveals by hearing the sound of thought spreading as someone thinks and considers:In another case, someone reveals by hearing the sound of thought spreading as someone thinks and considers:

‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.In another case, someone comprehends the mind of one who has attained the immersion that’s free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. They understand:In another case, someone comprehends the mind of one who has attained the immersion that’s free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. They understand:

‘Judging by the way this worthy’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state, they’ll think this thought.’‘Judging by the way this worthy’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state, they’ll think this thought.’And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.This is called the demonstration of revealing.This is called the demonstration of revealing.

And what is a demonstration of instruction?And what is a demonstration of instruction?It’s when someone instructs others like this:It’s when someone instructs others like this:‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’

This is called a demonstration of instruction.This is called a demonstration of instruction.These are the three kinds of demonstration.These are the three kinds of demonstration.Of these three kinds of demonstration, which do you consider to be the finest?”Of these three kinds of demonstration, which do you consider to be the finest?”

“Regarding this, worthy Gotama, a demonstration of psychic power“Regarding this, worthy Gotama, a demonstration of psychic poweris experienced only by the one who performs it, occurring only to them.is experienced only by the one who performs it, occurring only to them.This seems to me like an illusion.This seems to me like an illusion.

And the demonstration where someone reveals something by means of a sign,And the demonstration where someone reveals something by means of a sign,or after hearing it from humans, non-humans, or deities,or after hearing it from humans, non-humans, or deities,or by hearing the sound of thought spreading as someone thinks and considers,or by hearing the sound of thought spreading as someone thinks and considers,

or by comprehending the mind of another,or by comprehending the mind of another,is also experienced only by the one who performs it, occurring only to them.is also experienced only by the one who performs it, occurring only to them.This also seems to me like an illusion.This also seems to me like an illusion.

But as to the demonstration where someone instructs others:But as to the demonstration where someone instructs others:‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’I prefer this demonstration, worthy Gotama. It’s the finest of the three kinds of demonstration.I prefer this demonstration, worthy Gotama. It’s the finest of the three kinds of demonstration.

It’s incredible, worthy Gotama, it’s amazing,It’s incredible, worthy Gotama, it’s amazing,how well this was said by the worthy Gotama. We regard the worthy Gotama as someone who possesses these three kinds of demonstration.how well this was said by the worthy Gotama. We regard the worthy Gotama as someone who possesses these three kinds of demonstration.For the worthy Gotama wields the many kinds of psychic power … controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity.For the worthy Gotama wields the many kinds of psychic power … controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity.

And Worthy Gotama comprehends the mind of another who has attained the immersion that is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. He understands:And Worthy Gotama comprehends the mind of another who has attained the immersion that is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. He understands:‘Judging by the way this worthy’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state they’ll think this thought.’‘Judging by the way this worthy’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state they’ll think this thought.’And the worthy Gotama instructs others like this:And the worthy Gotama instructs others like this:

‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’”‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’”“Your words are clearly invasive and intrusive, brahmin.“Your words are clearly invasive and intrusive, brahmin.Nevertheless, I will answer you.Nevertheless, I will answer you.

For I do wield the many kinds of psychic power … controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity.For I do wield the many kinds of psychic power … controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity.And I do comprehend the mind of another individual who has attained the immersion that is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. I understand:And I do comprehend the mind of another individual who has attained the immersion that is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. I understand:‘Judging by the way this worthy’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state they’ll think this thought.’‘Judging by the way this worthy’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state they’ll think this thought.’

And I do instruct others like this:And I do instruct others like this:‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’”‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’”“But worthy Gotama, is there even one other mendicant who possesses these three kinds of demonstration, apart from the worthy Gotama?”“But worthy Gotama, is there even one other mendicant who possesses these three kinds of demonstration, apart from the worthy Gotama?”

“There’s not just one hundred mendicants, brahmin, who possess these three kinds of demonstration, nor two, three, four, or five hundred, but many more than that.”“There’s not just one hundred mendicants, brahmin, who possess these three kinds of demonstration, nor two, three, four, or five hundred, but many more than that.”“But where are these mendicants now staying?”“But where are these mendicants now staying?”“Right here, brahmin, in this Saṅgha of mendicants.”“Right here, brahmin, in this Saṅgha of mendicants.”

“Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent!“Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent!As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, worthy Gotama has made the teaching clear in many ways.As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, worthy Gotama has made the teaching clear in many ways.I go for refuge to the worthy Gotama, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.I go for refuge to the worthy Gotama, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.

From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”