增支部第 2 集（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · AN2.1-10 · The Chapter on Punishments

Numbered Discourses 2.1–10Numbered Discourses 2.1–10The Chapter on PunishmentsThe Chapter on Punishments1. Faults1. Faults

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,

“Mendicants!”“Mendicants!”“Venerable sir,” they replied.“Venerable sir,” they replied.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:

“There are, mendicants, these two faults.“There are, mendicants, these two faults.What two?What two?The fault apparent in this life, and the fault to do with lives to come.The fault apparent in this life, and the fault to do with lives to come.

What is the fault apparent in this life?What is the fault apparent in this life?It’s when someone sees that kings have arrested a bandit, a criminal, and subjected them to various punishments—It’s when someone sees that kings have arrested a bandit, a criminal, and subjected them to various punishments—whipping, caning, and clubbing; cutting off hands or feet, or both; cutting off ears or nose, or both; the ‘porridge pot’, the ‘shell-shave’, the ‘Rāhu’s mouth’, the ‘garland of fire’, the ‘burning hand’, the ‘bulrush twist’, the ‘bark dress’, the ‘antelope’, the ‘meat hook’, the ‘coins’, the ‘caustic pickle’, the ‘twisting bar’, the ‘straw mat’; being splashed with hot oil, being fed to the hounds, being impaled alive, and being beheaded.whipping, caning, and clubbing; cutting off hands or feet, or both; cutting off ears or nose, or both; the ‘porridge pot’, the ‘shell-shave’, the ‘Rāhu’s mouth’, the ‘garland of fire’, the ‘burning hand’, the ‘bulrush twist’, the ‘bark dress’, the ‘antelope’, the ‘meat hook’, the ‘coins’, the ‘caustic pickle’, the ‘twisting bar’, the ‘straw mat’; being splashed with hot oil, being fed to the hounds, being impaled alive, and being beheaded.

It occurs to them:It occurs to them:‘If I were to commit the kinds of bad deeds for which the kings arrested that bandit, that criminal,‘If I were to commit the kinds of bad deeds for which the kings arrested that bandit, that criminal,the rulers would arrest me and subject me to the same punishments.’the rulers would arrest me and subject me to the same punishments.’

Afraid of the fault apparent in this life, they do not steal the belongings of others.Afraid of the fault apparent in this life, they do not steal the belongings of others.This is called the fault apparent in this life.This is called the fault apparent in this life.What is the fault to do with lives to come?What is the fault to do with lives to come?

It’s when someone reflects:It’s when someone reflects:‘Bad conduct of body, speech, or mind has a bad, painful result in the next life.‘Bad conduct of body, speech, or mind has a bad, painful result in the next life.If I conduct myself badly,If I conduct myself badly,

then, when my body breaks up, after death, won’t I be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell?’then, when my body breaks up, after death, won’t I be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell?’Afraid of the fault to do with lives to come, they give up bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and develop good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, keeping themselves pure.Afraid of the fault to do with lives to come, they give up bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and develop good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, keeping themselves pure.This is called the fault to do with lives to come.This is called the fault to do with lives to come.

These are the two faults.These are the two faults.So you should train like this:So you should train like this:‘We will fear the fault apparent in this life, and we will fear the fault to do with lives to come. We will fear faults, seeing the danger in faults.’‘We will fear the fault apparent in this life, and we will fear the fault to do with lives to come. We will fear faults, seeing the danger in faults.’

That’s how you should train.That’s how you should train.If you fear faults, seeing the danger in faults, you can expect to be freed from all faults.”If you fear faults, seeing the danger in faults, you can expect to be freed from all faults.”

2. Endeavor2. Endeavor

“These two endeavors are challenging in the world.“These two endeavors are challenging in the world.What two?What two?The endeavor of laypeople staying in a home to provide robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And the endeavor of those gone forth from the lay life to homelessness to let go of all attachments.The endeavor of laypeople staying in a home to provide robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And the endeavor of those gone forth from the lay life to homelessness to let go of all attachments.

These are the two endeavors that are challenging in the world.These are the two endeavors that are challenging in the world.The better of these two endeavors is the effort to let go of all attachments.The better of these two endeavors is the effort to let go of all attachments.So you should train like this:So you should train like this:

‘We shall endeavor to let go of all attachments.’‘We shall endeavor to let go of all attachments.’That’s how you should train.”That’s how you should train.”

3. Mortifying3. Mortifying

“These two things, mendicants, are mortifying.“These two things, mendicants, are mortifying.What two?What two?It’s when someone has done bad things and not done good things, by way of body, speech, and mind.It’s when someone has done bad things and not done good things, by way of body, speech, and mind.

Thinking, ‘I’ve done bad things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re mortified. Thinking, ‘I haven’t done good things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re mortified.Thinking, ‘I’ve done bad things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re mortified. Thinking, ‘I haven’t done good things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re mortified.These are the two things that are mortifying.”These are the two things that are mortifying.”

4. Not Mortifying4. Not Mortifying

“These two things, mendicants, are not mortifying.“These two things, mendicants, are not mortifying.What two?What two?It’s when someone has done good things and not done bad things, by way of body, speech, and mind.It’s when someone has done good things and not done bad things, by way of body, speech, and mind.

Thinking, ‘I’ve done good things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re not mortified. Thinking, ‘I haven’t done bad things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re not mortified.Thinking, ‘I’ve done good things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re not mortified. Thinking, ‘I haven’t done bad things by way of body, speech, and mind’, they’re not mortified.These are the two things that are not mortifying.”These are the two things that are not mortifying.”

5. Learned for Myself5. Learned for Myself

“Mendicants, I have learned these two things for myself—“Mendicants, I have learned these two things for myself—to never be content with skillful qualities, and to never stop trying.to never be content with skillful qualities, and to never stop trying.I never stopped trying, thinking:I never stopped trying, thinking:

‘Gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain! Let the flesh and blood waste away in my body! I will not stop trying until I have achieved what is possible by human strength, energy, and vigor.’‘Gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain! Let the flesh and blood waste away in my body! I will not stop trying until I have achieved what is possible by human strength, energy, and vigor.’It was by diligence that I achieved awakening, and by diligence that I achieved the supreme sanctuary from the yoke.It was by diligence that I achieved awakening, and by diligence that I achieved the supreme sanctuary from the yoke.If you too never stop trying, thinking:If you too never stop trying, thinking:

‘Gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain! Let the flesh and blood waste away in my body! I will not stop trying until I have achieved what is possible by human strength, energy, and vigor.’‘Gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain! Let the flesh and blood waste away in my body! I will not stop trying until I have achieved what is possible by human strength, energy, and vigor.’You will soon realize the supreme culmination of the spiritual path in this very life. You will live having achieved with your own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.You will soon realize the supreme culmination of the spiritual path in this very life. You will live having achieved with your own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

So you should train like this:So you should train like this:‘We will never stop trying, thinking:‘We will never stop trying, thinking:“Gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain! Let the flesh and blood waste away in my body! I will not stop trying until I have achieved what is possible by human strength, energy, and vigor.”’“Gladly, let only skin, sinews, and bones remain! Let the flesh and blood waste away in my body! I will not stop trying until I have achieved what is possible by human strength, energy, and vigor.”’

That’s how you should train.”That’s how you should train.”

6. Fetters6. Fetters

“There are, mendicants, these two things.“There are, mendicants, these two things.What two?What two?Seeing things that tighten the fetters as gratifying, and seeing things that tighten the fetters as boring.Seeing things that tighten the fetters as gratifying, and seeing things that tighten the fetters as boring.

When you keep seeing things that tighten the fetters as gratifying, you don’t give up greed, hate, and delusion.When you keep seeing things that tighten the fetters as gratifying, you don’t give up greed, hate, and delusion.When these are not given up, you’re not freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress.When these are not given up, you’re not freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress.You’re not freed from suffering, I say.You’re not freed from suffering, I say.

When you keep seeing things that tighten the fetters as boring, you give up greed, hate, and delusion.When you keep seeing things that tighten the fetters as boring, you give up greed, hate, and delusion.When these are given up, you’re freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress.When these are given up, you’re freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress.You’re freed from suffering, I say.You’re freed from suffering, I say.

These are the two things.”These are the two things.”

7. Dark7. Dark

“These two things, mendicants, are dark.“These two things, mendicants, are dark.What two?What two?Lack of conscience and prudence.Lack of conscience and prudence.

These are the two things that are dark.”These are the two things that are dark.”

8. Bright8. Bright

“These two things, mendicants, are bright.“These two things, mendicants, are bright.What two?What two?Conscience and prudence.Conscience and prudence.

These are the two things that are bright.”These are the two things that are bright.”

9. Conduct9. Conduct

“These two bright things, mendicants, protect the world.“These two bright things, mendicants, protect the world.What two?What two?Conscience and prudence.Conscience and prudence.

If these two bright things did not protect the world, there would be no recognition of the status of mother, aunts, or wives and partners of tutors and respected people.If these two bright things did not protect the world, there would be no recognition of the status of mother, aunts, or wives and partners of tutors and respected people.The world would become dissolute, like goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, and hounds and jackals.The world would become dissolute, like goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, and hounds and jackals.But because the two bright things protect the world, there is recognition of the status of mother, aunts, and wives and partners of tutors and respected people.”But because the two bright things protect the world, there is recognition of the status of mother, aunts, and wives and partners of tutors and respected people.”

10. Entering the Rainy Season10. Entering the Rainy Season

“There are, mendicants, these two entries to the rainy season.“There are, mendicants, these two entries to the rainy season.What two?What two?Earlier and later.Earlier and later.

These are the two entries to the rainy season.”These are the two entries to the rainy season.”