中部第 56 经（Sujato 英译）第 2 阅读页 · With Upāli · 2/4

“But where does the Jain Ñātika say that intention is classified?”“But where does the Jain Ñātika say that intention is classified?”“In the mental rod, sir.”“In the mental rod, sir.”“Think about it, householder! You should think before answering.“Think about it, householder! You should think before answering.

What you said before and what you said after don’t match up.What you said before and what you said after don’t match up.But you said that you would debate on the basis of truth.”But you said that you would debate on the basis of truth.”“Even though the Buddha says this, still the physical rod is the most blameworthy for performing bad deeds, not so much the verbal rod or the mental rod.”“Even though the Buddha says this, still the physical rod is the most blameworthy for performing bad deeds, not so much the verbal rod or the mental rod.”

“What do you think, householder?“What do you think, householder?Is this Nāḷandā successful and prosperous, populous and full of people?”Is this Nāḷandā successful and prosperous, populous and full of people?”“Indeed it is, sir.”“Indeed it is, sir.”

“What do you think, householder?“What do you think, householder?Suppose a man were to come along with a drawn swordSuppose a man were to come along with a drawn swordand say:and say:

‘In one hour I will reduce all the living creatures within the bounds of Nāḷandā to one heap and mass of flesh!’‘In one hour I will reduce all the living creatures within the bounds of Nāḷandā to one heap and mass of flesh!’What do you think, householder?What do you think, householder?Could he do that?”Could he do that?”

“Sir, even ten, twenty, thirty, forty, or fifty men couldn’t do that.“Sir, even ten, twenty, thirty, forty, or fifty men couldn’t do that.How impressive is one measly man?”How impressive is one measly man?”“What do you think, householder?“What do you think, householder?

Suppose an ascetic or brahmin with psychic power, who has achieved mastery of the mind, were to come alongSuppose an ascetic or brahmin with psychic power, who has achieved mastery of the mind, were to come alongand say:and say:‘I will reduce Nāḷandā to ashes with a single malevolent act of will!’‘I will reduce Nāḷandā to ashes with a single malevolent act of will!’

What do you think, householder?What do you think, householder?Could he do that?”Could he do that?”“Sir, an ascetic or brahmin with psychic power, who has achieved mastery of the mind, could reduce ten, twenty, thirty, forty, or fifty Nāḷandās to ashes with a single malevolent act of will.“Sir, an ascetic or brahmin with psychic power, who has achieved mastery of the mind, could reduce ten, twenty, thirty, forty, or fifty Nāḷandās to ashes with a single malevolent act of will.

How significant is one measly Nāḷandā?”How significant is one measly Nāḷandā?”“Think about it, householder! You should think before answering.“Think about it, householder! You should think before answering.What you said before and what you said after don’t match up.What you said before and what you said after don’t match up.

But you said that you would debate on the basis of truth.”But you said that you would debate on the basis of truth.”“Even though the Buddha says this, still the physical rod is the most blameworthy for performing bad deeds, not so much the verbal rod or the mental rod.”“Even though the Buddha says this, still the physical rod is the most blameworthy for performing bad deeds, not so much the verbal rod or the mental rod.”“What do you think, householder?“What do you think, householder?

Have you heard how the wildernesses of Daṇḍaka, Kaliṅga, Mejjha, and Mātaṅga came to be that way?”Have you heard how the wildernesses of Daṇḍaka, Kaliṅga, Mejjha, and Mātaṅga came to be that way?”“I have, sir.”“I have, sir.”“What have you heard?”“What have you heard?”

“I heard that it was because of a malevolent act of will by seers that the wildernesses of Daṇḍaka, Kaliṅga, Mejjha, and Mātaṅga came to be that way.”“I heard that it was because of a malevolent act of will by seers that the wildernesses of Daṇḍaka, Kaliṅga, Mejjha, and Mātaṅga came to be that way.”“Think about it, householder! You should think before answering.“Think about it, householder! You should think before answering.What you said before and what you said after don’t match up.What you said before and what you said after don’t match up.

But you said that you would debate on the basis of truth.”But you said that you would debate on the basis of truth.”“Sir, I was already delighted and satisfied by the Buddha’s very first simile.“Sir, I was already delighted and satisfied by the Buddha’s very first simile.Nevertheless, I wanted to hear the Buddha’s various solutions to the problem, so I thought I’d oppose you in this way.Nevertheless, I wanted to hear the Buddha’s various solutions to the problem, so I thought I’d oppose you in this way.

Excellent, sir! Excellent!Excellent, sir! Excellent!As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the Buddha has made the teaching clear in many ways.As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the Buddha has made the teaching clear in many ways.I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.

From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”“Householder, you should act after careful consideration. It’s good for well-known people such as yourself to act after careful consideration.”“Householder, you should act after careful consideration. It’s good for well-known people such as yourself to act after careful consideration.”“Now I’m even more delighted and satisfied with the Buddha, since he tells me to act after careful consideration.“Now I’m even more delighted and satisfied with the Buddha, since he tells me to act after careful consideration.

For if the followers of other religions were to gain me as a disciple, they’d carry a banner all over Nāḷandā, saying:For if the followers of other religions were to gain me as a disciple, they’d carry a banner all over Nāḷandā, saying:‘The householder Upāli has become our disciple!’‘The householder Upāli has become our disciple!’And yet the Buddha says:And yet the Buddha says:

‘Householder, you should act after careful consideration. It’s good for well-known people such as yourself to act after careful consideration.’‘Householder, you should act after careful consideration. It’s good for well-known people such as yourself to act after careful consideration.’For a second time, I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.For a second time, I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”

“For a long time now, householder, your family has been a well-spring of support for the Jain ascetics. You should consider giving to them when they come.”“For a long time now, householder, your family has been a well-spring of support for the Jain ascetics. You should consider giving to them when they come.”“Now I’m even more delighted and satisfied with the Buddha, since he tells me to consider giving to the Jain ascetics when they come.“Now I’m even more delighted and satisfied with the Buddha, since he tells me to consider giving to the Jain ascetics when they come.I have heard, sir, that the ascetic Gotama says this:I have heard, sir, that the ascetic Gotama says this:

‘Gifts should only be given to me, not to others.‘Gifts should only be given to me, not to others.Gifts should only be given to my disciples, not to the disciples of others.Gifts should only be given to my disciples, not to the disciples of others.Only what is given to me is very fruitful, not what is given to others.Only what is given to me is very fruitful, not what is given to others.

Only what is given to my disciples is very fruitful, not what is given to the disciples of others.’Only what is given to my disciples is very fruitful, not what is given to the disciples of others.’Yet the Buddha encourages me to give to the Jain ascetics.Yet the Buddha encourages me to give to the Jain ascetics.Well, sir, we’ll know the proper time for that.Well, sir, we’ll know the proper time for that.

For a third time, I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.For a third time, I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”Then the Buddha taught the householder Upāli step by step, withThen the Buddha taught the householder Upāli step by step, with

a talk on giving, ethical conduct, and heaven. He revealed the drawbacks of sensual pleasures, so sordid and corrupt, and the benefit of renunciation.a talk on giving, ethical conduct, and heaven. He revealed the drawbacks of sensual pleasures, so sordid and corrupt, and the benefit of renunciation.And when he knew that Upāli’s mind was ready, pliable, rid of hindrances, elated, and confident he revealed the special teaching of the Buddhas:And when he knew that Upāli’s mind was ready, pliable, rid of hindrances, elated, and confident he revealed the special teaching of the Buddhas:suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the path.suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the path.

Just as a clean cloth rid of stains would properly absorb dye,Just as a clean cloth rid of stains would properly absorb dye,in that very seat the stainless, immaculate vision of the Dhamma arose in Upāli:in that very seat the stainless, immaculate vision of the Dhamma arose in Upāli:“Everything that is liable to arise is liable to cease.”“Everything that is liable to arise is liable to cease.”

Then Upāli saw, attained, understood, and fathomed the Dhamma. He went beyond doubt, got rid of indecision, and became self-assured and independent of others regarding the Teacher’s instructions.Then Upāli saw, attained, understood, and fathomed the Dhamma. He went beyond doubt, got rid of indecision, and became self-assured and independent of others regarding the Teacher’s instructions.He said to the Buddha, “Well, now, sir, I must go. I have many duties, and much to do.”He said to the Buddha, “Well, now, sir, I must go. I have many duties, and much to do.”“Please, householder, go at your convenience.”“Please, householder, go at your convenience.”

And then the householder Upāli approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. He got up from his seat, bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right. Then he went back to his own home, where he addressed the gatekeeper,And then the householder Upāli approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. He got up from his seat, bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right. Then he went back to his own home, where he addressed the gatekeeper,“My good gatekeeper, from this day forth close the gate to Jain monks and nuns, and open it for the Buddha’s monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.“My good gatekeeper, from this day forth close the gate to Jain monks and nuns, and open it for the Buddha’s monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.

If any Jain ascetics come, say this to them:If any Jain ascetics come, say this to them:‘Wait, sir, do not enter.‘Wait, sir, do not enter.From now on the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.From now on the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.

His gate is closed to Jain monks and nuns, and opened for the Buddha’s monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.His gate is closed to Jain monks and nuns, and opened for the Buddha’s monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.If you require almsfood, wait here, they will bring it to you.’”If you require almsfood, wait here, they will bring it to you.’”“Yes, sir,” replied the gatekeeper.“Yes, sir,” replied the gatekeeper.

Dīgha Tapassī heard thatDīgha Tapassī heard thatUpāli had become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.Upāli had become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.He went to the Jain Ñātika and said to him,He went to the Jain Ñātika and said to him,

“Sir, they say that the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.”“Sir, they say that the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.”“It is impossible, Tapassī, it cannot happen that Upāli could become Gotama’s disciple.“It is impossible, Tapassī, it cannot happen that Upāli could become Gotama’s disciple.But it is possible that Gotama could become Upāli’s disciple.”But it is possible that Gotama could become Upāli’s disciple.”

For a second time …For a second time …and a third time, Dīgha Tapassī said to the Jain Ñātika,and a third time, Dīgha Tapassī said to the Jain Ñātika,“Sir, they say that the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.”“Sir, they say that the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.”

“It is impossible, Tapassī, it cannot happen that Upāli could become Gotama’s disciple.“It is impossible, Tapassī, it cannot happen that Upāli could become Gotama’s disciple.But it is possible that Gotama could become Upāli’s disciple.”But it is possible that Gotama could become Upāli’s disciple.”“Well, sir, I’d better go and find out whether or not Upāli has become Gotama’s disciple.”“Well, sir, I’d better go and find out whether or not Upāli has become Gotama’s disciple.”

“Go, Tapassī, and find out whether or not Upāli has become Gotama’s disciple.”“Go, Tapassī, and find out whether or not Upāli has become Gotama’s disciple.”Then Dīgha Tapassī went to Upāli’s home.Then Dīgha Tapassī went to Upāli’s home.The gatekeeper saw him coming off in the distanceThe gatekeeper saw him coming off in the distance

and said to him,and said to him,“Wait, sir, do not enter.“Wait, sir, do not enter.From now on the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.From now on the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.

His gate is closed to Jain monks and nuns, and opened for the Buddha’s monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.His gate is closed to Jain monks and nuns, and opened for the Buddha’s monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.If you require almsfood, wait here, they will bring it to you.”If you require almsfood, wait here, they will bring it to you.”Saying, “No, worthy man, I do not require almsfood,” he turned back and went to the Jain Ñātika and said to him,Saying, “No, worthy man, I do not require almsfood,” he turned back and went to the Jain Ñātika and said to him,

“Sir, it’s really true that Upāli has become Gotama’s disciple.“Sir, it’s really true that Upāli has become Gotama’s disciple.Sir, I couldn’t get you to accept that it wasn’t a good idea for the householder Upāli to rebut the ascetic Gotama’s doctrine.Sir, I couldn’t get you to accept that it wasn’t a good idea for the householder Upāli to rebut the ascetic Gotama’s doctrine.For the ascetic Gotama is deceitful. He knows a conversion trick, and uses it to convert the disciples of other religions.For the ascetic Gotama is deceitful. He knows a conversion trick, and uses it to convert the disciples of other religions.

The householder Upāli has been converted by the ascetic Gotama’s conversion trick!”The householder Upāli has been converted by the ascetic Gotama’s conversion trick!”“It is impossible, Tapassī, it cannot happen that Upāli could become Gotama’s disciple.“It is impossible, Tapassī, it cannot happen that Upāli could become Gotama’s disciple.But it is possible that Gotama could become Upāli’s disciple.”But it is possible that Gotama could become Upāli’s disciple.”

For a second time …For a second time …and a third time, Dīgha Tapassī told the Jain Ñātikaand a third time, Dīgha Tapassī told the Jain Ñātikathat it was really true.that it was really true.

“It is impossible …“It is impossible …Well, Tapassī, I’d better go and find out for myself whether or not Upāli has become Gotama’s disciple.”Well, Tapassī, I’d better go and find out for myself whether or not Upāli has become Gotama’s disciple.”Then the Jain Ñātika went to Upāli’s home together with a large following of Jain ascetics.Then the Jain Ñātika went to Upāli’s home together with a large following of Jain ascetics.

The gatekeeper saw him coming off in the distanceThe gatekeeper saw him coming off in the distanceand said to him:and said to him:“Wait, sir, do not enter.“Wait, sir, do not enter.

From now on the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.From now on the householder Upāli has become a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.His gate is closed to Jain monks and nuns, and opened for the Buddha’s monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.His gate is closed to Jain monks and nuns, and opened for the Buddha’s monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.If you require almsfood, wait here, they will bring it to you.”If you require almsfood, wait here, they will bring it to you.”

“Well then, my good gatekeeper, go to Upāli and say:“Well then, my good gatekeeper, go to Upāli and say: