长部第 11 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · With Kevaḍḍha · 1/2

Long Discourses 11Long Discourses 11With KevaḍḍhaWith Kevaḍḍha

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Nāḷandā in Pāvārika’s Mango Grove.At one time the Buddha was staying near Nāḷandā in Pāvārika’s Mango Grove.Then the householder Kevaḍḍha went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him,Then the householder Kevaḍḍha went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him,

“Sir, this Nāḷandā is successful and prosperous, populous and full of people.“Sir, this Nāḷandā is successful and prosperous, populous and full of people.Please direct a mendicant to perform a superhuman demonstration of psychic power.Please direct a mendicant to perform a superhuman demonstration of psychic power.Then Nāḷandā will become even more devoted to the Buddha!”Then Nāḷandā will become even more devoted to the Buddha!”

When he said this, the Buddha said,When he said this, the Buddha said,“Kevaḍḍha, I do not teach Dhamma to the mendicants like this:“Kevaḍḍha, I do not teach Dhamma to the mendicants like this:‘Come now, mendicants, perform a superhuman demonstration of psychic power for the white-clothed laypeople.’”‘Come now, mendicants, perform a superhuman demonstration of psychic power for the white-clothed laypeople.’”

For a second time, Kevaḍḍha made the same request,For a second time, Kevaḍḍha made the same request,“Sir, I am not teaching you the Dhamma,“Sir, I am not teaching you the Dhamma,but nonetheless I say:but nonetheless I say:

‘Sir, this Nāḷandā is successful and prosperous, populous and full of people.‘Sir, this Nāḷandā is successful and prosperous, populous and full of people.Please direct a mendicant to perform a superhuman demonstration of psychic power.Please direct a mendicant to perform a superhuman demonstration of psychic power.Then Nāḷandā will become even more devoted to the Buddha!’”Then Nāḷandā will become even more devoted to the Buddha!’”

But for a second time, the Buddha gave the same answer.But for a second time, the Buddha gave the same answer.For a third time, Kevaḍḍha made the same request,For a third time, Kevaḍḍha made the same request,at which the Buddha said the following.at which the Buddha said the following.

1. The Demonstration of Psychic Power1. The Demonstration of Psychic Power

“Kevaḍḍha, there are three kinds of demonstration, which I declare having realized them with my own insight.“Kevaḍḍha, there are three kinds of demonstration, which I declare having realized them with my own insight.What three?What three?The demonstration of psychic power, the demonstration of revealing, and the demonstration of instruction.The demonstration of psychic power, the demonstration of revealing, and the demonstration of instruction.

And what is the demonstration of psychic power?And what is the demonstration of psychic power?It’s a mendicant who wields the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again; materializing and dematerializing; going unobstructed through a wall, a rampart, or a mountain as if through space; diving in and out of the earth as if it were water; walking on water as if it were earth; flying cross-legged through the sky like a bird; touching and stroking with the hand the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful; controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity.It’s a mendicant who wields the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again; materializing and dematerializing; going unobstructed through a wall, a rampart, or a mountain as if through space; diving in and out of the earth as if it were water; walking on water as if it were earth; flying cross-legged through the sky like a bird; touching and stroking with the hand the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful; controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity.

Someone with faith and confidence sees that mendicant performing those superhuman feats.Someone with faith and confidence sees that mendicant performing those superhuman feats.They tell someone else who lacks faith and confidence:They tell someone else who lacks faith and confidence:‘Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing! The ascetic has such psychic power and might!‘Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing! The ascetic has such psychic power and might!

I saw him myself, performing all these superhuman feats!’I saw him myself, performing all these superhuman feats!’But the one lacking faith and confidence would say to them:But the one lacking faith and confidence would say to them:‘There’s a spell named Gandhārī.‘There’s a spell named Gandhārī.

Using that a mendicant can perform such superhuman feats.’Using that a mendicant can perform such superhuman feats.’What do you think, Kevaḍḍha?What do you think, Kevaḍḍha?Wouldn’t someone lacking faith speak like that?”Wouldn’t someone lacking faith speak like that?”

“They would, sir.”“They would, sir.”“Seeing this drawback in psychic power, I’m horrified, repelled, and disgusted by demonstrations of psychic power.“Seeing this drawback in psychic power, I’m horrified, repelled, and disgusted by demonstrations of psychic power.

2. The Demonstration of Revealing2. The Demonstration of Revealing

And what is the demonstration of revealing?And what is the demonstration of revealing?It’s when a mendicant reveals the mind, mentality, thoughts, and reflections of other beings and individuals:It’s when a mendicant reveals the mind, mentality, thoughts, and reflections of other beings and individuals:‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’

Someone with faith and confidence sees that mendicant revealing another individual’s thoughts.Someone with faith and confidence sees that mendicant revealing another individual’s thoughts.They tell someone else who lacks faith and confidence:They tell someone else who lacks faith and confidence:‘Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing! The ascetic has such psychic power and might!‘Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing! The ascetic has such psychic power and might!

I saw him myself, revealing the thoughts of another individual!’I saw him myself, revealing the thoughts of another individual!’But the one lacking faith and confidence would say to them:But the one lacking faith and confidence would say to them:‘There’s a spell named Māṇikā.‘There’s a spell named Māṇikā.

Using that a mendicant can reveal another individual’s thoughts.’Using that a mendicant can reveal another individual’s thoughts.’What do you think, Kevaḍḍha?What do you think, Kevaḍḍha?Wouldn’t someone lacking faith speak like that?”Wouldn’t someone lacking faith speak like that?”

“They would, sir.”“They would, sir.”“Seeing this drawback in revealing, I’m horrified, repelled, and disgusted by demonstrations of revealing.“Seeing this drawback in revealing, I’m horrified, repelled, and disgusted by demonstrations of revealing.

3. The Demonstration of Instruction3. The Demonstration of Instruction

And what is the demonstration of instruction?And what is the demonstration of instruction?It’s when a mendicant instructs others like this:It’s when a mendicant instructs others like this:‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’

This is called the demonstration of instruction.This is called the demonstration of instruction.Furthermore, a Realized One arises in the world …Furthermore, a Realized One arises in the world …That’s how a mendicant is accomplished in ethics. …That’s how a mendicant is accomplished in ethics. …

They enter and remain in the first absorption …They enter and remain in the first absorption …This is called the demonstration of instruction.This is called the demonstration of instruction.They enter and remain in the second absorption …They enter and remain in the second absorption …

third absorption …third absorption …fourth absorption.fourth absorption.This too is called the demonstration of instruction.This too is called the demonstration of instruction.

They project and extend the mind toward knowledge and vision …They project and extend the mind toward knowledge and vision …This too is called the demonstration of instruction.This too is called the demonstration of instruction.They understand: ‘… there is nothing further for this place.’They understand: ‘… there is nothing further for this place.’

This too is called the demonstration of instruction.This too is called the demonstration of instruction.These, Kevaḍḍha, are the three kinds of demonstration, which I declare having realized them with my own insight.These, Kevaḍḍha, are the three kinds of demonstration, which I declare having realized them with my own insight.

4. On the Mendicant in Search of the Cessation of Being4. On the Mendicant in Search of the Cessation of Being

Once upon a time, Kevaḍḍha, a mendicant in this very Saṅgha had the following thought,Once upon a time, Kevaḍḍha, a mendicant in this very Saṅgha had the following thought,‘Where do these four principal states cease without remainder, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’‘Where do these four principal states cease without remainder, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’Then that mendicant attained a state of immersion such that a path to the gods appeared.Then that mendicant attained a state of immersion such that a path to the gods appeared.

Then he approached the gods of the four great kings and said,Then he approached the gods of the four great kings and said,‘Respectable sirs, where do these four principal states cease without remainder, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’‘Respectable sirs, where do these four principal states cease without remainder, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’When he said this, those gods said to him,When he said this, those gods said to him,

‘Mendicant, we too do not know this.‘Mendicant, we too do not know this.But the four great kings are our superiors.But the four great kings are our superiors.They might know.’They might know.’

Then he approached the four great kings and asked the same question.Then he approached the four great kings and asked the same question.But they also said to him,But they also said to him,‘Mendicant, we too do not know this.‘Mendicant, we too do not know this.

But the gods of the thirty-three …But the gods of the thirty-three …Sakka, lord of gods …Sakka, lord of gods …the gods of Yama …the gods of Yama …

the godling named Suyāma …the godling named Suyāma …the Joyful gods …the Joyful gods …the godling named Santussita …the godling named Santussita …

the gods who love to create …the gods who love to create …the godling named Sunimmita …the godling named Sunimmita …the gods who control the creation of others …the gods who control the creation of others …

the godling named Vasavattī …the godling named Vasavattī …the gods of the Divinity’s host are our superiors.the gods of the Divinity’s host are our superiors.They might know.’They might know.’

Then that mendicant attained a state of immersion such that a path to divinity appeared.Then that mendicant attained a state of immersion such that a path to divinity appeared.Then he approached the gods of the Divinity’s host and said,Then he approached the gods of the Divinity’s host and said,‘Respectable sirs, where do these four principal states cease without remainder, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’‘Respectable sirs, where do these four principal states cease without remainder, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’

But they also said to him,But they also said to him,‘Mendicant, we too do not know this.‘Mendicant, we too do not know this.But there is the Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born. He is our superior.But there is the Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born. He is our superior.

He might know.’He might know.’‘But respectable sirs, where is that divinity now?’‘But respectable sirs, where is that divinity now?’‘We also don’t know where he is or what way he lies.‘We also don’t know where he is or what way he lies.

But by the signs that are seen—light arising and radiance appearing—we know that divinity will appear. For this is the harbinger for the appearance of the Divinity, namely light arising and radiance appearing.’But by the signs that are seen—light arising and radiance appearing—we know that divinity will appear. For this is the harbinger for the appearance of the Divinity, namely light arising and radiance appearing.’Not long afterwards, the Great Divinity appeared.Not long afterwards, the Great Divinity appeared.Then that mendicant approached the Great Divinity and said to him,Then that mendicant approached the Great Divinity and said to him,

‘Respectable sir, where do these four principal states cease without remainder, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’‘Respectable sir, where do these four principal states cease without remainder, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’The Great Divinity said to him,The Great Divinity said to him,‘I am the Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.’‘I am the Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.’

For a second time, that mendicant said to the Great Divinity,For a second time, that mendicant said to the Great Divinity,‘Respectable sir, I am not asking you whether you are‘Respectable sir, I am not asking you whether you arethe Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.the Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.

I am askingI am askingwhere these four principal states cease without remainder.’where these four principal states cease without remainder.’For a second time, the Great Divinity said to him,For a second time, the Great Divinity said to him,

‘I am the Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.’‘I am the Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.’For a third time, that mendicant said to the Great Divinity,For a third time, that mendicant said to the Great Divinity,‘Respectable sir, I am not asking you whether you are‘Respectable sir, I am not asking you whether you are

the Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.the Divinity, the Great Divinity, the Vanquisher, the Unvanquished, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, God Almighty, the Maker, the Creator, the First, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.