中部第 95 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · With Caṅkī · 1/2

Middle Discourses 95Middle Discourses 95With CaṅkīWith Caṅkī

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was wandering in the land of the Kosalans together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants when he arrived at a village of the Kosalan brahmins named Opāsāda.At one time the Buddha was wandering in the land of the Kosalans together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants when he arrived at a village of the Kosalan brahmins named Opāsāda.He stayed in the Godswood of sal trees to the north of Opāsāda.He stayed in the Godswood of sal trees to the north of Opāsāda.

Now at that time the brahmin Caṅkī was living in Opāsāda. It was a crown property given by King Pasenadi of Kosala, teeming with living creatures, full of hay, wood, water, and grain, a royal park endowed to a brahmin.Now at that time the brahmin Caṅkī was living in Opāsāda. It was a crown property given by King Pasenadi of Kosala, teeming with living creatures, full of hay, wood, water, and grain, a royal park endowed to a brahmin.The brahmins and householders of Opāsāda heard:The brahmins and householders of Opāsāda heard:“It seems the ascetic Gotama—a Sakyan, gone forth from a Sakyan family—has arrived at Opāsāda together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants. He is staying in the Godswood to the north.“It seems the ascetic Gotama—a Sakyan, gone forth from a Sakyan family—has arrived at Opāsāda together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants. He is staying in the Godswood to the north.

He has this good reputation:He has this good reputation:‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’He has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras, and divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others.He has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras, and divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others.

He teaches Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure.He teaches Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure.It’s good to see such perfected ones.”It’s good to see such perfected ones.”Then, exiting Opāsāda, they formed into companies and headed north to the Godswood.Then, exiting Opāsāda, they formed into companies and headed north to the Godswood.

Now at that time the brahmin Caṅkī had retired to the upper floor of his stilt longhouse for his midday nap.Now at that time the brahmin Caṅkī had retired to the upper floor of his stilt longhouse for his midday nap.He saw the brahmins and householders heading for the Godswood,He saw the brahmins and householders heading for the Godswood,and addressed his butler,and addressed his butler,

“My butler, why are the brahmins and householders heading north for the Godswood?”“My butler, why are the brahmins and householders heading north for the Godswood?”“The ascetic Gotama has arrived at Opāsāda together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants. He is staying in the Godswood to the north.“The ascetic Gotama has arrived at Opāsāda together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants. He is staying in the Godswood to the north.He has this good reputation:He has this good reputation:

‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’They’re going to see that worthy Gotama.”They’re going to see that worthy Gotama.”“Well then, go to the brahmins and householders and say to them:“Well then, go to the brahmins and householders and say to them:

‘Sirs, the brahmin Caṅkī asks‘Sirs, the brahmin Caṅkī asksyou to wait, as he will also go to see the ascetic Gotama.’”you to wait, as he will also go to see the ascetic Gotama.’”“Yes, worthy sir,” replied the butler, and did as he was asked.“Yes, worthy sir,” replied the butler, and did as he was asked.

Now at that time around five hundred brahmins from abroad were residing in Opāsāda on some business.Now at that time around five hundred brahmins from abroad were residing in Opāsāda on some business.They heard thatThey heard thatthe brahmin Caṅkī was going to see the ascetic Gotama.the brahmin Caṅkī was going to see the ascetic Gotama.

They approached Caṅkī and said to him,They approached Caṅkī and said to him,“Is it really true that you are going to see the ascetic Gotama?”“Is it really true that you are going to see the ascetic Gotama?”“Yes, gentlemen, it is true.”“Yes, gentlemen, it is true.”

“Please don’t!“Please don’t!It’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama;It’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama;it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.

You are well born on both your mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation.You are well born on both your mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation.For this reason it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama;For this reason it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama;it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.

You’re rich, affluent, and wealthy. …You’re rich, affluent, and wealthy. …You recite and remember the hymns, and have mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. You know them word-by-word, and their grammar. You are well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man. …You recite and remember the hymns, and have mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. You know them word-by-word, and their grammar. You are well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man. …You are attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. You have divine looks and lustre, remarkable to behold. …You are attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. You have divine looks and lustre, remarkable to behold. …

You are ethical, mature in ethical conduct. …You are ethical, mature in ethical conduct. …You’re a good speaker who enunciates well, with a polished, clear, and articulate voice that expresses the meaning. …You’re a good speaker who enunciates well, with a polished, clear, and articulate voice that expresses the meaning. …You’re the tutor of tutors for many, and teach three hundred young students to recite the hymns. …You’re the tutor of tutors for many, and teach three hundred young students to recite the hymns. …

You’re honored, respected, revered, venerated, and esteemed by King Pasenadi of KosalaYou’re honored, respected, revered, venerated, and esteemed by King Pasenadi of Kosalaand the brahmin Pokkharasāti. …and the brahmin Pokkharasāti. …You live in Opāsāda, a crown property given by King Pasenadi of Kosala, teeming with living creatures, full of hay, wood, water, and grain, a royal park endowed to a brahmin.You live in Opāsāda, a crown property given by King Pasenadi of Kosala, teeming with living creatures, full of hay, wood, water, and grain, a royal park endowed to a brahmin.

For all these reasons it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama;For all these reasons it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama;it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.”it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.”When they had spoken, Caṅkī said to those brahmins:When they had spoken, Caṅkī said to those brahmins:

“Well then, gentlemen, listen to why it’s appropriate for me to go to see the ascetic Gotama,“Well then, gentlemen, listen to why it’s appropriate for me to go to see the ascetic Gotama,and it’s not appropriate for him to come to see me.and it’s not appropriate for him to come to see me.He is well born on both his mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation.He is well born on both his mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation.

For this reason it’s not appropriate for the ascetic Gotama to come to see me;For this reason it’s not appropriate for the ascetic Gotama to come to see me;rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him.rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him.When he went forth he abandoned abundant gold, both coined and uncoined, stored above and below ground. …When he went forth he abandoned abundant gold, both coined and uncoined, stored above and below ground. …

He went forth from the lay life to homelessness while still a youth, young, with pristine black hair, blessed with youth, in the prime of life. …He went forth from the lay life to homelessness while still a youth, young, with pristine black hair, blessed with youth, in the prime of life. …Though his mother and father wished otherwise, weeping with tearful faces, he shaved off his hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness. …Though his mother and father wished otherwise, weeping with tearful faces, he shaved off his hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness. …He is attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. He has divine looks and lustre, remarkable to behold. …He is attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. He has divine looks and lustre, remarkable to behold. …

He is ethical, possessing ethical conduct that is noble and skillful. …He is ethical, possessing ethical conduct that is noble and skillful. …He’s a good speaker who enunciates well, with a polished, clear, and articulate voice that expresses the meaning. …He’s a good speaker who enunciates well, with a polished, clear, and articulate voice that expresses the meaning. …He’s a tutor of tutors. …He’s a tutor of tutors. …

He has ended sensual desire, and is rid of caprice. …He has ended sensual desire, and is rid of caprice. …He teaches the efficacy of deeds and action. He doesn’t wish any harm upon the community of brahmins. …He teaches the efficacy of deeds and action. He doesn’t wish any harm upon the community of brahmins. …He went forth from an eminent family of unbroken aristocratic lineage. …He went forth from an eminent family of unbroken aristocratic lineage. …

He went forth from a rich, affluent, and wealthy family. …He went forth from a rich, affluent, and wealthy family. …People come from distant lands and distant countries to question him. …People come from distant lands and distant countries to question him. …Many thousands of deities have gone for refuge for life to him. …Many thousands of deities have gone for refuge for life to him. …

He has this good reputation:He has this good reputation:‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ …‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ …He has the thirty-two marks of a great man. …He has the thirty-two marks of a great man. …

King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha and his wives and children have gone for refuge for life to the ascetic Gotama. …King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha and his wives and children have gone for refuge for life to the ascetic Gotama. …King Pasenadi of Kosala and his wives and children have gone for refuge for life to the ascetic Gotama. …King Pasenadi of Kosala and his wives and children have gone for refuge for life to the ascetic Gotama. …The brahmin Pokkharasāti and his wives and children have gone for refuge for life to the ascetic Gotama. …The brahmin Pokkharasāti and his wives and children have gone for refuge for life to the ascetic Gotama. …

The ascetic Gotama has arrived to stay in the Godswood to the north of Opāsāda.The ascetic Gotama has arrived to stay in the Godswood to the north of Opāsāda.Any ascetic or brahmin who comes to stay in our village district is our guest,Any ascetic or brahmin who comes to stay in our village district is our guest,and should be honored and respected as such.and should be honored and respected as such.

For this reason, too, it’s not appropriate for the worthy Gotama to come to see me;For this reason, too, it’s not appropriate for the worthy Gotama to come to see me;rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him.rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him.This is the extent of the worthy Gotama’s praise that I have memorized. But his praises are not confined to this,This is the extent of the worthy Gotama’s praise that I have memorized. But his praises are not confined to this,

for the praise of the worthy Gotama is limitless.for the praise of the worthy Gotama is limitless.The possession of even a single one of these factors makes it inappropriate for Worthy Gotama to come to see me;The possession of even a single one of these factors makes it inappropriate for Worthy Gotama to come to see me;rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him.rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him.

Well then, gentlemen, let’s all go to see the ascetic Gotama.”Well then, gentlemen, let’s all go to see the ascetic Gotama.”Then Caṅkī together with a large group of brahmins went to the Buddha and exchanged greetings with him.Then Caṅkī together with a large group of brahmins went to the Buddha and exchanged greetings with him.When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side.When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side.

Now at that time the Buddha was sitting engaged in some polite conversation together with some very senior brahmins.Now at that time the Buddha was sitting engaged in some polite conversation together with some very senior brahmins.And the student Kāpaṭika was sitting in that assembly. He was young, tonsured, and sixteen years old. He had mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. He knew them word-by-word, and their grammar. He was well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man.And the student Kāpaṭika was sitting in that assembly. He was young, tonsured, and sixteen years old. He had mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. He knew them word-by-word, and their grammar. He was well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man.

While the senior brahmins were conversing together with the Buddha, he interrupted.While the senior brahmins were conversing together with the Buddha, he interrupted.Then the Buddha rebuked Kāpaṭika,Then the Buddha rebuked Kāpaṭika,“Venerable Bhāradvāja, don’t interrupt the senior brahmins.“Venerable Bhāradvāja, don’t interrupt the senior brahmins.

Wait until they’ve finished speaking.”Wait until they’ve finished speaking.”When he had spoken, Caṅkī said to the Buddha,When he had spoken, Caṅkī said to the Buddha,“Worthy Gotama, don’t rebuke the student Kāpaṭika.“Worthy Gotama, don’t rebuke the student Kāpaṭika.

He’s a gentleman, learned and astute, who enunciates well. He is capable of debating with the worthy Gotama about this.”He’s a gentleman, learned and astute, who enunciates well. He is capable of debating with the worthy Gotama about this.”Then it occurred to the Buddha,Then it occurred to the Buddha,“Clearly the student Kāpaṭika will talk about the scriptural heritage of the three Vedas.“Clearly the student Kāpaṭika will talk about the scriptural heritage of the three Vedas.

That’s why the brahmins put him at the front.”That’s why the brahmins put him at the front.”Then Kāpaṭika thought,Then Kāpaṭika thought,“When the ascetic Gotama looks at me, I’ll ask him a question.”“When the ascetic Gotama looks at me, I’ll ask him a question.”

Then the Buddha, knowing Kāpaṭika’s train of thought, looked at him.Then the Buddha, knowing Kāpaṭika’s train of thought, looked at him.Then Kāpaṭika thought,Then Kāpaṭika thought,“The ascetic Gotama is engaging with me.“The ascetic Gotama is engaging with me.

Why don’t I ask him a question?”Why don’t I ask him a question?”Then he said,Then he said,“Worthy Gotama, regarding that which by the lineage of testament and by canonical authority is the ancient hymnal of the brahmins, the brahmins come to the categorical conclusion:“Worthy Gotama, regarding that which by the lineage of testament and by canonical authority is the ancient hymnal of the brahmins, the brahmins come to the categorical conclusion:

‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’What do you say about this?”What do you say about this?”“Well, Bhāradvāja, is there even a single one of the brahmins who says this:“Well, Bhāradvāja, is there even a single one of the brahmins who says this:

‘I know this, I see this:‘I know this, I see this:this is the only truth, anything else is futile’?”this is the only truth, anything else is futile’?”“No, worthy Gotama.”“No, worthy Gotama.”

“Well, is there even a single tutor of the brahmins, or a tutors’ tutor, or anyone back to the seventh generation of tutors, who says this:“Well, is there even a single tutor of the brahmins, or a tutors’ tutor, or anyone back to the seventh generation of tutors, who says this:‘I know this, I see this:‘I know this, I see this:this is the only truth, anything else is futile’?”this is the only truth, anything else is futile’?”

“No, worthy Gotama.”“No, worthy Gotama.”“Well, what of the ancient seers of the brahmins, namely Aṭṭhaka, Vāmaka, Vāmadeva, Vessāmitta, Yamadaggi, Aṅgīrasa, Bhāradvāja, Vāseṭṭha, Kassapa, and Bhagu? They were the authors and propagators of the hymns. Their hymnal was sung and propagated and compiled in ancient times; and these days, brahmins continue to sing and chant it, chanting what was chanted and teaching what was taught.“Well, what of the ancient seers of the brahmins, namely Aṭṭhaka, Vāmaka, Vāmadeva, Vessāmitta, Yamadaggi, Aṅgīrasa, Bhāradvāja, Vāseṭṭha, Kassapa, and Bhagu? They were the authors and propagators of the hymns. Their hymnal was sung and propagated and compiled in ancient times; and these days, brahmins continue to sing and chant it, chanting what was chanted and teaching what was taught.

Did even they say:Did even they say:‘We know this, we see this:‘We know this, we see this:this is the only truth, anything else is futile’?”this is the only truth, anything else is futile’?”