中部第 78 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · With Uggāhamāna Samaṇamaṇḍikāputta · 1/2

Middle Discourses 78Middle Discourses 78With Uggāhamāna SamaṇamaṇḍikāputtaWith Uggāhamāna Samaṇamaṇḍikāputta

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.Now at that time the wanderer Uggāhamāna Samaṇamaṇḍikāputta was residing together with around five hundred wanderers in Mallikā’s single-halled monastery for philosophical debates, hedged by pale-moon ebony trees.Now at that time the wanderer Uggāhamāna Samaṇamaṇḍikāputta was residing together with around five hundred wanderers in Mallikā’s single-halled monastery for philosophical debates, hedged by pale-moon ebony trees.

Then the chamberlain Pañcakaṅga left Sāvatthī in the middle of the day to see the Buddha.Then the chamberlain Pañcakaṅga left Sāvatthī in the middle of the day to see the Buddha.It occurred to him,It occurred to him,“It’s the wrong time to see the Buddha,“It’s the wrong time to see the Buddha,

as he’s in retreat.as he’s in retreat.And it’s the wrong time to see the esteemed mendicants,And it’s the wrong time to see the esteemed mendicants,as they’re in retreat.as they’re in retreat.

Why don’t I go to Mallikā’s monastery to visit the wanderer Uggāhamāna?”Why don’t I go to Mallikā’s monastery to visit the wanderer Uggāhamāna?”So that’s what he did.So that’s what he did.Now at that time, Uggāhamāna was sitting together with a large assembly of wanderers making an uproar, a colossal racket. They engaged in all kinds of low talk, such asNow at that time, Uggāhamāna was sitting together with a large assembly of wanderers making an uproar, a colossal racket. They engaged in all kinds of low talk, such as

talk about kings, bandits, and chief ministers; talk about armies, threats, and wars; talk about food, drink, clothes, and beds; talk about garlands and fragrances; talk about family, vehicles, villages, towns, cities, and countries; talk about women and heroes; talk at the street market and the place for water pots; talk about the departed; motley talk; tales of land and sea; and talk about being reborn in this or that place.talk about kings, bandits, and chief ministers; talk about armies, threats, and wars; talk about food, drink, clothes, and beds; talk about garlands and fragrances; talk about family, vehicles, villages, towns, cities, and countries; talk about women and heroes; talk at the street market and the place for water pots; talk about the departed; motley talk; tales of land and sea; and talk about being reborn in this or that place.

Uggāhamāna saw Pañcakaṅga coming off in the distance,Uggāhamāna saw Pañcakaṅga coming off in the distance,and hushed his own assembly,and hushed his own assembly,“Be quiet, good fellows, don’t make a sound.“Be quiet, good fellows, don’t make a sound.

Here comes Pañcakaṅga, a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.Here comes Pañcakaṅga, a disciple of the ascetic Gotama.He is included among the white-clothed lay disciples of the ascetic Gotama, who is residing in Sāvatthī.He is included among the white-clothed lay disciples of the ascetic Gotama, who is residing in Sāvatthī.Such venerables like the quiet, are educated to be quiet, and praise the quiet.Such venerables like the quiet, are educated to be quiet, and praise the quiet.

Hopefully if he sees that our assembly is quiet he’ll see fit to approach.”Hopefully if he sees that our assembly is quiet he’ll see fit to approach.”Then those wanderers fell silent.Then those wanderers fell silent.Then Pañcakaṅga approached Uggāhamāna, and exchanged greetings with him.Then Pañcakaṅga approached Uggāhamāna, and exchanged greetings with him.

When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side. Uggāhamāna said to him:When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side. Uggāhamāna said to him:“Householder, when an individual person has four qualities I describe them as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment.“Householder, when an individual person has four qualities I describe them as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment.What four?What four?

It’s when they do no bad deeds with their body; speak no bad words; think no bad thoughts; and don’t earn a living by bad livelihood.It’s when they do no bad deeds with their body; speak no bad words; think no bad thoughts; and don’t earn a living by bad livelihood.When an individual possesses these four qualities I describe them as an invincible ascetic.”When an individual possesses these four qualities I describe them as an invincible ascetic.”Then Pañcakaṅga neither approved nor rejected the wanderer Uggāhamāna’s statement.Then Pañcakaṅga neither approved nor rejected the wanderer Uggāhamāna’s statement.

He rose from his seat, thinking,He rose from his seat, thinking,“I will learn the meaning of this statement from the Buddha himself.”“I will learn the meaning of this statement from the Buddha himself.”Then he went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side,Then he went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side,

and informed the Buddha of all that had been discussed.and informed the Buddha of all that had been discussed.When he had spoken, the Buddha said to him,When he had spoken, the Buddha said to him,“Chamberlain, if what Uggāhamāna says is true, a little baby boy is an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment.“Chamberlain, if what Uggāhamāna says is true, a little baby boy is an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment.

For a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘a body’, so how could they possibly do a bad deed with their body, aside from just wriggling?For a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘a body’, so how could they possibly do a bad deed with their body, aside from just wriggling?And a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘speech’, so how could they possibly speak bad words, aside from just crying?And a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘speech’, so how could they possibly speak bad words, aside from just crying?And a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘thought’, so how could they possibly think bad thoughts, aside from just whimpering?And a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘thought’, so how could they possibly think bad thoughts, aside from just whimpering?

And a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘livelihood’, so how could they possibly earn a living by bad livelihood, aside from their mother’s breast?And a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘livelihood’, so how could they possibly earn a living by bad livelihood, aside from their mother’s breast?If what Uggāhamāna says is true, a little baby boy is an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment.If what Uggāhamāna says is true, a little baby boy is an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment.When an individual person has four qualities I describe them, not as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment—but as having achieved the same level as a little baby.When an individual person has four qualities I describe them, not as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment—but as having achieved the same level as a little baby.

What four?What four?It’s when they do no bad deeds with their body; speak no bad words; think no bad thoughts; and don’t earn a living by bad livelihood.It’s when they do no bad deeds with their body; speak no bad words; think no bad thoughts; and don’t earn a living by bad livelihood.When an individual possesses these four qualities I describe them, not as an invincible ascetic, but as having achieved the same level as a little baby.When an individual possesses these four qualities I describe them, not as an invincible ascetic, but as having achieved the same level as a little baby.

When an individual person has ten qualities, chamberlain, I describe them as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment.When an individual person has ten qualities, chamberlain, I describe them as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment.The following things must be understood, I say. ‘These are unskillful behaviors.’The following things must be understood, I say. ‘These are unskillful behaviors.’‘Unskillful behaviors stem from this.’‘Unskillful behaviors stem from this.’

‘Here unskillful behaviors cease without remainder.’‘Here unskillful behaviors cease without remainder.’‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful behaviors.’‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful behaviors.’‘These are skillful behaviors.’‘These are skillful behaviors.’

‘Skillful behaviors stem from this.’‘Skillful behaviors stem from this.’‘Here skillful behaviors cease without remainder.’‘Here skillful behaviors cease without remainder.’‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful behaviors.’‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful behaviors.’

‘These are unskillful thoughts.’‘These are unskillful thoughts.’‘Unskillful thoughts stem from this.’‘Unskillful thoughts stem from this.’‘Here unskillful thoughts cease without remainder.’‘Here unskillful thoughts cease without remainder.’

‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful thoughts.’‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful thoughts.’‘These are skillful thoughts.’‘These are skillful thoughts.’‘Skillful thoughts stem from this.’‘Skillful thoughts stem from this.’

‘Here skillful thoughts cease without remainder.’‘Here skillful thoughts cease without remainder.’‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful thoughts.’‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful thoughts.’And what, chamberlain, are unskillful behaviors?And what, chamberlain, are unskillful behaviors?

Unskillful deeds by way of body and speech, and bad livelihood.Unskillful deeds by way of body and speech, and bad livelihood.These are called unskillful behaviors.These are called unskillful behaviors.And where do these unskillful behaviors stem from?And where do these unskillful behaviors stem from?

Where they stem from has been stated.Where they stem from has been stated.You should say that they stem from the mind.You should say that they stem from the mind.What mind?What mind?

The mind takes many and diverse forms.The mind takes many and diverse forms.But unskillful behaviors stem from a mind that has greed, hate, and delusion.But unskillful behaviors stem from a mind that has greed, hate, and delusion.And where do these unskillful behaviors cease without remainder?And where do these unskillful behaviors cease without remainder?

Their cessation has also been stated.Their cessation has also been stated.It’s when a mendicant gives up bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and develops good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind; they give up wrong livelihood and earn a living by right livelihood.It’s when a mendicant gives up bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and develops good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind; they give up wrong livelihood and earn a living by right livelihood.This is where these unskillful behaviors cease without remainder.This is where these unskillful behaviors cease without remainder.

And how is someone practicing for the cessation of unskillful behaviors?And how is someone practicing for the cessation of unskillful behaviors?It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise.It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise.They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen are given up.They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen are given up.

They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities arise.They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities arise.They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fully developed.They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fully developed.Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful behaviors.Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful behaviors.

And what are skillful behaviors?And what are skillful behaviors?Skillful deeds by way of body and speech, and purified livelihood are included in behavior, I say.Skillful deeds by way of body and speech, and purified livelihood are included in behavior, I say.These are called skillful behaviors.These are called skillful behaviors.

And where do these skillful behaviors stem from?And where do these skillful behaviors stem from?Where they stem from has been stated.Where they stem from has been stated.You should say that they stem from the mind.You should say that they stem from the mind.

What mind?What mind?The mind takes many and diverse forms.The mind takes many and diverse forms.But skillful behaviors stem from a mind that is free from greed, hate, and delusion.But skillful behaviors stem from a mind that is free from greed, hate, and delusion.

And where do these skillful behaviors cease without remainder?And where do these skillful behaviors cease without remainder?Their cessation has also been stated.Their cessation has also been stated.It’s when a mendicant behaves ethically, but they are not determined by ethical behavior.It’s when a mendicant behaves ethically, but they are not determined by ethical behavior.

And they truly understand the freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom where these skillful behaviors cease without remainder.And they truly understand the freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom where these skillful behaviors cease without remainder.And how is someone practicing for the cessation of skillful behaviors?And how is someone practicing for the cessation of skillful behaviors?It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise …It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise …

so that unskillful qualities are given up …so that unskillful qualities are given up …so that skillful qualities arise …so that skillful qualities arise …so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fully developed.so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fully developed.

Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful behaviors.Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful behaviors.And what are unskillful thoughts?And what are unskillful thoughts?Purposes of sensuality, of malice, and of cruelty.Purposes of sensuality, of malice, and of cruelty.

These are called unskillful thoughts.These are called unskillful thoughts.And where do these unskillful thoughts stem from?And where do these unskillful thoughts stem from?Where they stem from has been stated.Where they stem from has been stated.

You should say that they stem from perception.You should say that they stem from perception.What perception?What perception?Perception takes many and diverse forms.Perception takes many and diverse forms.

Perceptions of sensuality, malice, and cruelty—Perceptions of sensuality, malice, and cruelty—unskillful thoughts stem from this.unskillful thoughts stem from this.And where do these unskillful thoughts cease without remainder?And where do these unskillful thoughts cease without remainder?

Their cessation has also been stated.Their cessation has also been stated.It’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.It’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.This is where these unskillful thoughts cease without remainder.This is where these unskillful thoughts cease without remainder.

And how is someone practicing for the cessation of unskillful thoughts?And how is someone practicing for the cessation of unskillful thoughts?It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise …It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise …so that unskillful qualities are given up …so that unskillful qualities are given up …

so that skillful qualities arise …so that skillful qualities arise …so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fully developed.so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fully developed.Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful thoughts.Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful thoughts.