中部第 64 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Longer Discourse With Māluṅkya · 1/2

Middle Discourses 64Middle Discourses 64The Longer Discourse With MāluṅkyaThe Longer Discourse With Māluṅkya

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,

“Mendicants!”“Mendicants!”“Venerable sir,” they replied.“Venerable sir,” they replied.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:

“Mendicants, do you remember the five lower fetters taught by me?”“Mendicants, do you remember the five lower fetters taught by me?”When he said this, Venerable Māluṅkyaputta said to him,When he said this, Venerable Māluṅkyaputta said to him,“Sir, I remember them.”“Sir, I remember them.”

“But how do you remember them?”“But how do you remember them?”“I remember the lower fetters taught by the Buddha as follows: substantialist view,“I remember the lower fetters taught by the Buddha as follows: substantialist view,doubt,doubt,

misapprehension of precepts and observances,misapprehension of precepts and observances,sensual desire,sensual desire,and ill will.and ill will.

That’s how I remember the five lower fetters taught by the Buddha.”That’s how I remember the five lower fetters taught by the Buddha.”“Who on earth do you remember being taught the five lower fetters in that way?“Who on earth do you remember being taught the five lower fetters in that way?Wouldn’t the wanderers of other religions fault you using the simile of the infant?Wouldn’t the wanderers of other religions fault you using the simile of the infant?

For a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘substantial reality’, so how could substantialist view possibly arise in them?For a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘substantial reality’, so how could substantialist view possibly arise in them?Yet the underlying tendency to substantialist view still lies within them.Yet the underlying tendency to substantialist view still lies within them.A little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘teachings’, so how could doubt about the teachings possibly arise in them?A little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘teachings’, so how could doubt about the teachings possibly arise in them?

Yet the underlying tendency to doubt still lies within them.Yet the underlying tendency to doubt still lies within them.A little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘precepts’, so how could misapprehension of precepts and observances possibly arise in them?A little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘precepts’, so how could misapprehension of precepts and observances possibly arise in them?Yet the underlying tendency to misapprehension of precepts and observances still lies within them.Yet the underlying tendency to misapprehension of precepts and observances still lies within them.

A little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘sensual pleasures’, so how could desire for sensual pleasures possibly arise in them?A little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘sensual pleasures’, so how could desire for sensual pleasures possibly arise in them?Yet the underlying tendency to sensual desire still lies within them.Yet the underlying tendency to sensual desire still lies within them.A little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘sentient beings’, so how could ill will for sentient beings possibly arise in them?A little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘sentient beings’, so how could ill will for sentient beings possibly arise in them?

Yet the underlying tendency to ill will still lies within them.Yet the underlying tendency to ill will still lies within them.Wouldn’t the wanderers of other religions fault you using the simile of the infant?”Wouldn’t the wanderers of other religions fault you using the simile of the infant?”When he said this, Venerable Ānanda said to the Buddha,When he said this, Venerable Ānanda said to the Buddha,

“Now is the time, Blessed One! Now is the time, Holy One!“Now is the time, Blessed One! Now is the time, Holy One!May the Buddha teach the five lower fetters. The mendicants will listen and remember it.”May the Buddha teach the five lower fetters. The mendicants will listen and remember it.”“Well then, Ānanda, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”“Well then, Ānanda, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”

“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:“Ānanda, take an unlearned ordinary person who has not seen the noble ones, and is neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve not seen true persons, and are neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the true persons.“Ānanda, take an unlearned ordinary person who has not seen the noble ones, and is neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve not seen true persons, and are neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the true persons.

Their heart is overcome and mired in substantialist view,Their heart is overcome and mired in substantialist view,and they don’t truly understand the escape from substantialist view that has arisen.and they don’t truly understand the escape from substantialist view that has arisen.That substantialist view is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.That substantialist view is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.

Their heart is overcome and mired in doubt,Their heart is overcome and mired in doubt,and they don’t truly understand the escape from doubt that has arisen.and they don’t truly understand the escape from doubt that has arisen.That doubt is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.That doubt is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.

Their heart is overcome and mired in misapprehension of precepts and observances,Their heart is overcome and mired in misapprehension of precepts and observances,and they don’t truly understand the escape from misapprehension of precepts and observances that has arisen.and they don’t truly understand the escape from misapprehension of precepts and observances that has arisen.That misapprehension of precepts and observances is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.That misapprehension of precepts and observances is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.

Their heart is overcome and mired in sensual desire,Their heart is overcome and mired in sensual desire,and they don’t truly understand the escape from sensual desire that has arisen.and they don’t truly understand the escape from sensual desire that has arisen.That sensual desire is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.That sensual desire is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.

Their heart is overcome and mired in ill will,Their heart is overcome and mired in ill will,and they don’t truly understand the escape from ill will that has arisen.and they don’t truly understand the escape from ill will that has arisen.That ill will is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.That ill will is entrenched in them, not eliminated: it is a lower fetter.

But a learned noble disciple has seen the noble ones, and is skilled and trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve seen true persons, and are skilled and trained in the teaching of the true persons. Their heart is not overcome and mired in substantialist view,But a learned noble disciple has seen the noble ones, and is skilled and trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve seen true persons, and are skilled and trained in the teaching of the true persons. Their heart is not overcome and mired in substantialist view,and they truly understand the escape from substantialist view that has arisen.and they truly understand the escape from substantialist view that has arisen.That substantialist view, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.That substantialist view, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.

Their heart is not overcome and mired in doubt,Their heart is not overcome and mired in doubt,and they truly understand the escape from doubt that has arisen.and they truly understand the escape from doubt that has arisen.That doubt, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.That doubt, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.

Their heart is not overcome and mired in misapprehension of precepts and observances,Their heart is not overcome and mired in misapprehension of precepts and observances,and they truly understand the escape from misapprehension of precepts and observances that has arisen.and they truly understand the escape from misapprehension of precepts and observances that has arisen.That misapprehension of precepts and observances, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.That misapprehension of precepts and observances, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.

Their heart is not overcome and mired in sensual desire,Their heart is not overcome and mired in sensual desire,and they truly understand the escape from sensual desire that has arisen.and they truly understand the escape from sensual desire that has arisen.That sensual desire, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.That sensual desire, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.

Their heart is not overcome and mired in ill will,Their heart is not overcome and mired in ill will,and they truly understand the escape from ill will that has arisen.and they truly understand the escape from ill will that has arisen.That ill will, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.That ill will, along with any underlying tendency to it, is given up in them.

There is a path and a practice for giving up the five lower fetters. It’s not possible to know or see or give up the five lower fetters without relying on that path and that practice.There is a path and a practice for giving up the five lower fetters. It’s not possible to know or see or give up the five lower fetters without relying on that path and that practice.Suppose there was a large tree standing with heartwood. It’s not possible to cut out the heartwood without having cut through the bark and the softwood.Suppose there was a large tree standing with heartwood. It’s not possible to cut out the heartwood without having cut through the bark and the softwood.In the same way, there is a path and a practice for giving up the five lower fetters. It’s not possible to know or see or give up the five lower fetters without relying on that path and that practice.In the same way, there is a path and a practice for giving up the five lower fetters. It’s not possible to know or see or give up the five lower fetters without relying on that path and that practice.

But it is possible to know and see and give up the five lower fetters by relying on that path and that practice.But it is possible to know and see and give up the five lower fetters by relying on that path and that practice.Suppose there was a large tree standing with heartwood. It is possible to cut out the heartwood after having cut through the bark and the softwood.Suppose there was a large tree standing with heartwood. It is possible to cut out the heartwood after having cut through the bark and the softwood.In the same way, there is a path and a practice for giving up the five lower fetters. It is possible to know and see and give up the five lower fetters by relying on that path and that practice.In the same way, there is a path and a practice for giving up the five lower fetters. It is possible to know and see and give up the five lower fetters by relying on that path and that practice.

Suppose the Ganges River was full to the brim so a crow could drink from it.Suppose the Ganges River was full to the brim so a crow could drink from it.Then along comes a feeble person, who thinks:Then along comes a feeble person, who thinks:‘By swimming with my arms I’ll safely cross over to the far shore of the Ganges.’‘By swimming with my arms I’ll safely cross over to the far shore of the Ganges.’

But they’re not able to do so.But they’re not able to do so.In the same way, when the Dhamma is being taught to them for the cessation of substantial reality, those whose mind does not leap forth, gain confidence, settle down, and become decidedIn the same way, when the Dhamma is being taught to them for the cessation of substantial reality, those whose mind does not leap forth, gain confidence, settle down, and become decidedshould be regarded as being like that feeble person.should be regarded as being like that feeble person.

Suppose the Ganges River was full to the brim so a crow could drink from it.Suppose the Ganges River was full to the brim so a crow could drink from it.Then along comes a strong person, who thinks:Then along comes a strong person, who thinks:‘By swimming with my arms I’ll safely cross over to the far shore of the Ganges.’‘By swimming with my arms I’ll safely cross over to the far shore of the Ganges.’

And they are able to do so.And they are able to do so.In the same way, when the Dhamma is being taught to them for the cessation of substantial reality, those whose mind leaps forth, gains confidence, settles down, and becomes decidedIn the same way, when the Dhamma is being taught to them for the cessation of substantial reality, those whose mind leaps forth, gains confidence, settles down, and becomes decidedshould be regarded as being like that strong person.should be regarded as being like that strong person.

And what, Ānanda, is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters?And what, Ānanda, is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters?It’s when a mendicant—due to the seclusion from attachments, the giving up of unskillful qualities, and the complete settling of physical discomforts—quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.It’s when a mendicant—due to the seclusion from attachments, the giving up of unskillful qualities, and the complete settling of physical discomforts—quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.

They contemplate the phenomena there—included in form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent, as suffering, as diseased, as a boil, as a dart, as gloom, as an affliction, as alien, as breaking apart, as empty, as not-self.They contemplate the phenomena there—included in form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent, as suffering, as diseased, as a boil, as a dart, as gloom, as an affliction, as alien, as breaking apart, as empty, as not-self.They turn their mind away from those things,They turn their mind away from those things,and apply it to the element free of death:and apply it to the element free of death:

‘This is peaceful; this is sublime—that is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, cessation, extinguishment.’‘This is peaceful; this is sublime—that is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, cessation, extinguishment.’Abiding in that they attain the ending of defilements.Abiding in that they attain the ending of defilements.If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, with the ending of the five lower fetters they’re reborn spontaneously, because of their passion and love for that meditation. They are extinguished there, and are not liable to return from that world.If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, with the ending of the five lower fetters they’re reborn spontaneously, because of their passion and love for that meditation. They are extinguished there, and are not liable to return from that world.

This is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.This is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.Furthermore, as the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, a mendicant enters and remains in the second absorption …Furthermore, as the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, a mendicant enters and remains in the second absorption …third absorption …third absorption …

fourth absorption.fourth absorption.They contemplate the phenomena there—included in form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent …They contemplate the phenomena there—included in form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent …They turn their mind away from those things …They turn their mind away from those things …

If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, they’re reborn spontaneously … and are not liable to return from that world.If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, they’re reborn spontaneously … and are not liable to return from that world.This too is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.This too is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.Furthermore, a mendicant, going totally beyond perceptions of form, with the disappearance of perceptions of impingement, not focusing on perceptions of diversity, aware that ‘space is infinite’, enters and remains in the dimension of infinite space.Furthermore, a mendicant, going totally beyond perceptions of form, with the disappearance of perceptions of impingement, not focusing on perceptions of diversity, aware that ‘space is infinite’, enters and remains in the dimension of infinite space.

They contemplate the phenomena there—included in feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent …They contemplate the phenomena there—included in feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent …They turn their mind away from those things …They turn their mind away from those things …If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, they’re reborn spontaneously … and are not liable to return from that world.If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, they’re reborn spontaneously … and are not liable to return from that world.

This too is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.This too is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.Furthermore, a mendicant, going totally beyond the dimension of infinite space, aware that ‘consciousness is infinite’, enters and remains in the dimension of infinite consciousness.Furthermore, a mendicant, going totally beyond the dimension of infinite space, aware that ‘consciousness is infinite’, enters and remains in the dimension of infinite consciousness.They contemplate the phenomena there—included in feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent …They contemplate the phenomena there—included in feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent …

They turn their mind away from those things …They turn their mind away from those things …If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, they’re reborn spontaneously … and are not liable to return from that world.If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, they’re reborn spontaneously … and are not liable to return from that world.This too is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.This too is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.

Furthermore, a mendicant, going totally beyond the dimension of infinite consciousness, aware that ‘there is nothing at all’, enters and remains in the dimension of nothingness.Furthermore, a mendicant, going totally beyond the dimension of infinite consciousness, aware that ‘there is nothing at all’, enters and remains in the dimension of nothingness.They contemplate the phenomena there—included in feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent …They contemplate the phenomena there—included in feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—as impermanent …They turn their mind away from those things …They turn their mind away from those things …

If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, they’re reborn spontaneously … and are not liable to return from that world.If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, they’re reborn spontaneously … and are not liable to return from that world.This too is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.”This too is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters.”“Sir, if this is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters, how then are some mendicants here released in heart while others are released by wisdom?”“Sir, if this is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters, how then are some mendicants here released in heart while others are released by wisdom?”

“In that case, I say it is the disparity of their faculties.”“In that case, I say it is the disparity of their faculties.”That is what the Buddha said.That is what the Buddha said.