中部第 37 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Shorter Discourse on the Ending of Craving · 1/1

Middle Discourses 37Middle Discourses 37The Shorter Discourse on the Ending of CravingThe Shorter Discourse on the Ending of Craving

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in the stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother in the Eastern Monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in the stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother in the Eastern Monastery.And then Sakka, lord of gods, went up to the Buddha, bowed, stood to one side, and said to him:And then Sakka, lord of gods, went up to the Buddha, bowed, stood to one side, and said to him:

“Sir, how do you briefly define a mendicant who is freed through the ending of craving, who has reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal, and is best among gods and humans?”“Sir, how do you briefly define a mendicant who is freed through the ending of craving, who has reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal, and is best among gods and humans?”“Lord of gods, take a mendicant who has heard:“Lord of gods, take a mendicant who has heard:‘Nothing is worth insisting on.’‘Nothing is worth insisting on.’

When a mendicant has heard thatWhen a mendicant has heard thatnothing is worth insisting on,nothing is worth insisting on,they directly know all things. Directly knowing all things, they completely understand all things. Completely understanding all things, when they experience any kind of feeling—pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral—they directly know all things. Directly knowing all things, they completely understand all things. Completely understanding all things, when they experience any kind of feeling—pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral—

they meditate observing impermanence, dispassion, cessation, and letting go in those feelings.they meditate observing impermanence, dispassion, cessation, and letting go in those feelings.Meditating in this way, they don’t grasp at anything in the world.Meditating in this way, they don’t grasp at anything in the world.Not grasping, they’re not anxious. Not being anxious, they personally become extinguished.Not grasping, they’re not anxious. Not being anxious, they personally become extinguished.

They understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’They understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’That’s how I briefly define a mendicant who is freed through the ending of craving, who has reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal, and is best among gods and humans.”That’s how I briefly define a mendicant who is freed through the ending of craving, who has reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal, and is best among gods and humans.”

Then Sakka, lord of gods, having approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before vanishing right there.Then Sakka, lord of gods, having approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before vanishing right there.Now at that time Venerable Mahāmoggallāna was sitting not far from the Buddha.Now at that time Venerable Mahāmoggallāna was sitting not far from the Buddha.He thought,He thought,

“Did that spirit comprehend what the Buddha said when he agreed with him, or not?“Did that spirit comprehend what the Buddha said when he agreed with him, or not?Why don’t I find out?”Why don’t I find out?”And then Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, vanished from the Eastern Monastery and reappeared among the gods of the thirty-three.And then Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, vanished from the Eastern Monastery and reappeared among the gods of the thirty-three.

Now at that time Sakka was amusing himself in the Single Lotus Park, supplied and provided with a heavenly orchestra.Now at that time Sakka was amusing himself in the Single Lotus Park, supplied and provided with a heavenly orchestra.Seeing Mahāmoggallāna coming off in the distance,Seeing Mahāmoggallāna coming off in the distance,he waved off the orchestra, approached Mahāmoggallāna, and said,he waved off the orchestra, approached Mahāmoggallāna, and said,

“Come, my good fellow Moggallāna! Welcome, my good fellow!“Come, my good fellow Moggallāna! Welcome, my good fellow!It’s been a long time since you took the opportunity to come here.It’s been a long time since you took the opportunity to come here.Sit, my good Moggallāna, here, a seat is ready.”Sit, my good Moggallāna, here, a seat is ready.”

Mahāmoggallāna sat down on the seat spread out,Mahāmoggallāna sat down on the seat spread out,while Sakka took a low seat and sat to one side.while Sakka took a low seat and sat to one side.Mahāmoggallāna said to him,Mahāmoggallāna said to him,

“Kosiya, how did the Buddha briefly explain freedom through the ending of craving?“Kosiya, how did the Buddha briefly explain freedom through the ending of craving?Please share this talk with me so that I can also get to hear it.”Please share this talk with me so that I can also get to hear it.”“My good Moggallāna, I have many duties, and much to do,“My good Moggallāna, I have many duties, and much to do,

not only for myself, but also for the gods of the thirty-three.not only for myself, but also for the gods of the thirty-three.Still, what is properly heard, learned, attended, and memorized does not vanish all of a sudden.Still, what is properly heard, learned, attended, and memorized does not vanish all of a sudden.Once upon a time, a battle was fought between the gods and the titans.Once upon a time, a battle was fought between the gods and the titans.

In that battle the gods won and the titans lost.In that battle the gods won and the titans lost.When I returned from that battle as a conqueror, I created the Palace of Victory.When I returned from that battle as a conqueror, I created the Palace of Victory.The Palace of Victory has a hundred towers.The Palace of Victory has a hundred towers.

Each tower has seven hundred chambers.Each tower has seven hundred chambers.Each chamber has seven nymphs.Each chamber has seven nymphs.Each nymph has seven maids.Each nymph has seven maids.

Would you like to see the lovely Palace of Victory?”Would you like to see the lovely Palace of Victory?”Mahāmoggallāna consented with silence.Mahāmoggallāna consented with silence.Then, putting Venerable Mahāmoggallāna in front, Sakka, lord of gods, and Vessavaṇa, the Great King, went to the Palace of Victory.Then, putting Venerable Mahāmoggallāna in front, Sakka, lord of gods, and Vessavaṇa, the Great King, went to the Palace of Victory.

When they saw Moggallāna coming off in the distance, Sakka’s maids,When they saw Moggallāna coming off in the distance, Sakka’s maids,being discreet and prudent, each went to her own bedroom.being discreet and prudent, each went to her own bedroom.They were just like a daughter-in-law who is discreet and prudent when they see their father-in-law.They were just like a daughter-in-law who is discreet and prudent when they see their father-in-law.

Then Sakka and Vessavaṇa encouraged Moggallāna to wander and explore the palace, saying,Then Sakka and Vessavaṇa encouraged Moggallāna to wander and explore the palace, saying,“See, in the palace, my good Moggallāna, this lovely thing!“See, in the palace, my good Moggallāna, this lovely thing!And that lovely thing!”And that lovely thing!”

“That looks beautiful for the venerable Kosiya, as befits one who has made merit in the past.“That looks beautiful for the venerable Kosiya, as befits one who has made merit in the past.Humans, when they see something lovely, also say:Humans, when they see something lovely, also say:‘It looks beautiful enough for the gods of the thirty-three!’‘It looks beautiful enough for the gods of the thirty-three!’

That looks beautiful for the venerable Kosiya, as befits one who has made merit in the past.”That looks beautiful for the venerable Kosiya, as befits one who has made merit in the past.”Then Moggallāna thought,Then Moggallāna thought,“This spirit lives much too negligently.“This spirit lives much too negligently.

Why don’t I stir up a sense of urgency in him?”Why don’t I stir up a sense of urgency in him?”Then Moggallāna used his psychic power to make the Palace of Victory shake and rock and tremble with his big toe.Then Moggallāna used his psychic power to make the Palace of Victory shake and rock and tremble with his big toe.Then Sakka, Vessavaṇa, and the gods of the thirty-three, their minds full of wonder and amazement, thought,Then Sakka, Vessavaṇa, and the gods of the thirty-three, their minds full of wonder and amazement, thought,

“Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing!“Oh lord, how incredible, how amazing!The ascetic has such power and might that he makes the god’s home shake and rock and tremble with his big toe!”The ascetic has such power and might that he makes the god’s home shake and rock and tremble with his big toe!”Knowing that Sakka was shocked and awestruck, Moggallāna said to him,Knowing that Sakka was shocked and awestruck, Moggallāna said to him,

“Kosiya, how did the Buddha briefly explain freedom through the ending of craving?“Kosiya, how did the Buddha briefly explain freedom through the ending of craving?Please share this talk with me so that I can also get to hear it.”Please share this talk with me so that I can also get to hear it.”“My good fellow Moggallāna, I approached the Buddha, bowed, stood to one side, and said to him,“My good fellow Moggallāna, I approached the Buddha, bowed, stood to one side, and said to him,

‘Sir, how do you briefly define a mendicant who is freed with the ending of craving, who has reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal, and is best among gods and humans?’‘Sir, how do you briefly define a mendicant who is freed with the ending of craving, who has reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal, and is best among gods and humans?’When I had spoken the Buddha said to me:When I had spoken the Buddha said to me:‘Lord of gods, it’s when a mendicant has heard:‘Lord of gods, it’s when a mendicant has heard:

“Nothing is worth insisting on.”“Nothing is worth insisting on.”When a mendicant has heard thatWhen a mendicant has heard thatnothing is worth insisting on,nothing is worth insisting on,

they directly know all things. Directly knowing all things, they completely understand all things. Having completely understood all things, when they experience any kind of feeling—pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral—they directly know all things. Directly knowing all things, they completely understand all things. Having completely understood all things, when they experience any kind of feeling—pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral—they meditate observing impermanence, dispassion, cessation, and letting go in those feelings.they meditate observing impermanence, dispassion, cessation, and letting go in those feelings.Meditating in this way, they don’t grasp at anything in the world.Meditating in this way, they don’t grasp at anything in the world.

Not grasping, they’re not anxious. Not being anxious, they personally become extinguished.Not grasping, they’re not anxious. Not being anxious, they personally become extinguished.They understand: “Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.”They understand: “Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.”That’s how I briefly define a mendicant who is freed through the ending of craving, who has reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal, and is best among gods and humans.’That’s how I briefly define a mendicant who is freed through the ending of craving, who has reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal, and is best among gods and humans.’

That’s how the Buddha briefly explained freedom through the ending of craving to me.”That’s how the Buddha briefly explained freedom through the ending of craving to me.”Moggallāna approved and agreed with what Sakka said. As easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, he vanished from among the gods of the thirty-three and reappeared in the Eastern Monastery.Moggallāna approved and agreed with what Sakka said. As easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, he vanished from among the gods of the thirty-three and reappeared in the Eastern Monastery.Soon after Moggallāna left, Sakka’s maids said to him,Soon after Moggallāna left, Sakka’s maids said to him,

“Good fellow, was that the Blessed One, your Teacher?”“Good fellow, was that the Blessed One, your Teacher?”“No, it was not.“No, it was not.That was my spiritual companion Venerable Mahāmoggallāna.”That was my spiritual companion Venerable Mahāmoggallāna.”

“You’re fortunate, good fellow, so very fortunate,“You’re fortunate, good fellow, so very fortunate,to have a spiritual companion of such power and might!to have a spiritual companion of such power and might!We can’t believe that’s not the Blessed One, your Teacher!”We can’t believe that’s not the Blessed One, your Teacher!”

Then Mahāmoggallāna went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him,Then Mahāmoggallāna went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him,“Sir, do you recall briefly explaining freedom through the ending of craving to a certain well-known and illustrious spirit?”“Sir, do you recall briefly explaining freedom through the ending of craving to a certain well-known and illustrious spirit?”“I do, Moggallāna.” And the Buddha retold all that happened when Sakka came to visit him, adding:“I do, Moggallāna.” And the Buddha retold all that happened when Sakka came to visit him, adding:

“That’s how I recall briefly explaining freedom through the ending of craving to Sakka, lord of gods.”“That’s how I recall briefly explaining freedom through the ending of craving to Sakka, lord of gods.”That is what the Buddha said.That is what the Buddha said.Satisfied, Venerable Mahāmoggallāna approved what the Buddha said.Satisfied, Venerable Mahāmoggallāna approved what the Buddha said.