中部第 33 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Longer Discourse on the Cowherd · 1/1

Middle Discourses 33Middle Discourses 33The Longer Discourse on the CowherdThe Longer Discourse on the Cowherd

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,

“Mendicants!”“Mendicants!”“Venerable sir,” they replied.“Venerable sir,” they replied.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:

“Mendicants, a cowherd with eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle.“Mendicants, a cowherd with eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle.What eleven?What eleven?It’s when a cowherd doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t spread smoke, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know satisfaction, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in ranges, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and captains of the herd.It’s when a cowherd doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t spread smoke, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know satisfaction, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in ranges, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and captains of the herd.

A cowherd with these eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle.A cowherd with these eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle.In the same way, a mendicant with eleven qualities can’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.In the same way, a mendicant with eleven qualities can’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.What eleven?What eleven?

It’s when a mendicant doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t spread smoke, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know satisfaction, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in ranges, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.It’s when a mendicant doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t spread smoke, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know satisfaction, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in ranges, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.

And how does a mendicant not know form?And how does a mendicant not know form?It’s when a mendicant doesn’t truly understand that all form is the four principal states, or form derived from the four principal states.It’s when a mendicant doesn’t truly understand that all form is the four principal states, or form derived from the four principal states.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know form.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know form.

And how is a mendicant not skilled in characteristics?And how is a mendicant not skilled in characteristics?It’s when a mendicant doesn’t understand that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds.It’s when a mendicant doesn’t understand that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds.That’s how a mendicant isn’t skilled in characteristics.That’s how a mendicant isn’t skilled in characteristics.

And how does a mendicant not pick out flies’ eggs?And how does a mendicant not pick out flies’ eggs?It’s when a mendicant tolerates a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen. They tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen. They don’t give them up, dispel them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.It’s when a mendicant tolerates a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen. They tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen. They don’t give them up, dispel them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs.

And how does a mendicant not dress wounds?And how does a mendicant not dress wounds?When a mendicant sees a sight with their eyes, they get caught up in the features and details.When a mendicant sees a sight with their eyes, they get caught up in the features and details.Since the faculty of sight is left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of sight, and they don’t achieve its restraint.Since the faculty of sight is left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of sight, and they don’t achieve its restraint.

When they hear a sound with their ears …When they hear a sound with their ears …smell an odor with their nose …smell an odor with their nose …taste a flavor with their tongue …taste a flavor with their tongue …

feel a touch with their body …feel a touch with their body …know an idea with their mind, they get caught up in the features and details.know an idea with their mind, they get caught up in the features and details.Since the faculty of the mind is left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of the mind, and they don’t achieve its restraint.Since the faculty of the mind is left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of the mind, and they don’t achieve its restraint.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t dress wounds.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t dress wounds.And how does a mendicant not spread smoke?And how does a mendicant not spread smoke?It’s when a mendicant doesn’t teach others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it.It’s when a mendicant doesn’t teach others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t spread smoke.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t spread smoke.And how does a mendicant not know the ford?And how does a mendicant not know the ford?It’s when a mendicant doesn’t from time to time go up to those mendicants who are very learned—inheritors of the heritage, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and ask them questions:It’s when a mendicant doesn’t from time to time go up to those mendicants who are very learned—inheritors of the heritage, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and ask them questions:

‘Why, sir, does it say this?‘Why, sir, does it say this?What does that mean?’What does that mean?’Those venerables don’t reveal what is hidden, clarify what is unclear, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters.Those venerables don’t reveal what is hidden, clarify what is unclear, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know the ford.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know the ford.And how does a mendicant not know satisfaction?And how does a mendicant not know satisfaction?It’s when a mendicant, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds no inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds no joy connected with the teaching.It’s when a mendicant, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds no inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds no joy connected with the teaching.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know satisfaction.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know satisfaction.And how does a mendicant not know the trail?And how does a mendicant not know the trail?It’s when a mendicant doesn’t truly understand the noble eightfold path.It’s when a mendicant doesn’t truly understand the noble eightfold path.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know the trail.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t know the trail.And how is a mendicant not skilled in ranges?And how is a mendicant not skilled in ranges?It’s when a mendicant doesn’t truly understand the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.It’s when a mendicant doesn’t truly understand the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

That’s how a mendicant is not skilled in ranges.That’s how a mendicant is not skilled in ranges.And how does a mendicant milk dry?And how does a mendicant milk dry?It’s when a mendicant is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick, and that mendicant doesn’t know moderation in accepting.It’s when a mendicant is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick, and that mendicant doesn’t know moderation in accepting.

That’s how a mendicant milks dry.That’s how a mendicant milks dry.And how does a mendicant not show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha?And how does a mendicant not show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha?It’s when a mendicant doesn’t consistently treat senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private.It’s when a mendicant doesn’t consistently treat senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private.

That’s how a mendicant doesn’t show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.A mendicant with these eleven qualities can’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.A mendicant with these eleven qualities can’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.A cowherd with eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle.A cowherd with eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle.

What eleven?What eleven?It’s when a cowherd knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, spreads smoke, knows the ford, knows satisfaction, knows the trail, is skilled in ranges, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and captains of the herd.It’s when a cowherd knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, spreads smoke, knows the ford, knows satisfaction, knows the trail, is skilled in ranges, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and captains of the herd.A cowherd with these eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle.A cowherd with these eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle.

In the same way, a mendicant with eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this teaching and training.In the same way, a mendicant with eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this teaching and training.What eleven?What eleven?It’s when a mendicant knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, spreads smoke, knows the ford, knows satisfaction, knows the trail, is skilled in ranges, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.It’s when a mendicant knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, spreads smoke, knows the ford, knows satisfaction, knows the trail, is skilled in ranges, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.

And how does a mendicant know form?And how does a mendicant know form?It’s when a mendicant truly understands that all form is the four principal states, or form derived from the four principal states.It’s when a mendicant truly understands that all form is the four principal states, or form derived from the four principal states.That’s how a mendicant knows form.That’s how a mendicant knows form.

And how is a mendicant skilled in characteristics?And how is a mendicant skilled in characteristics?It’s when a mendicant understands that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds.It’s when a mendicant understands that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds.That’s how a mendicant is skilled in characteristics.That’s how a mendicant is skilled in characteristics.

And how does a mendicant pick out flies’ eggs?And how does a mendicant pick out flies’ eggs?It’s when a mendicant doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, dispel them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.It’s when a mendicant doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that has arisen. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, dispel them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.That’s how a mendicant picks out flies’ eggs.That’s how a mendicant picks out flies’ eggs.

And how does a mendicant dress wounds?And how does a mendicant dress wounds?When a mendicant sees a sight with their eyes, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.When a mendicant sees a sight with their eyes, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint.If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint.

When they hear a sound with their ears …When they hear a sound with their ears …smell an odor with their nose …smell an odor with their nose …taste a flavor with their tongue …taste a flavor with their tongue …

feel a touch with their body …feel a touch with their body …know an idea with their mind, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.know an idea with their mind, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving its restraint.If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving its restraint.

That’s how a mendicant dresses wounds.That’s how a mendicant dresses wounds.And how does a mendicant spread smoke?And how does a mendicant spread smoke?It’s when a mendicant teaches others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it.It’s when a mendicant teaches others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it.

That’s how a mendicant spreads smoke.That’s how a mendicant spreads smoke.And how does a mendicant know the ford?And how does a mendicant know the ford?It’s when from time to time a mendicant goes up to those mendicants who are very learned—inheritors of the heritage, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and asks them questions:It’s when from time to time a mendicant goes up to those mendicants who are very learned—inheritors of the heritage, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and asks them questions:

‘Why, sir, does it say this?‘Why, sir, does it say this?What does that mean?’What does that mean?’Those venerables reveal what is hidden, clarify what is unclear, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters.Those venerables reveal what is hidden, clarify what is unclear, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters.

That’s how a mendicant knows the ford.That’s how a mendicant knows the ford.And how does a mendicant know satisfaction?And how does a mendicant know satisfaction?It’s when a mendicant, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds joy connected with the teaching.It’s when a mendicant, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds joy connected with the teaching.

That’s how a mendicant knows satisfaction.That’s how a mendicant knows satisfaction.And how does a mendicant know the trail?And how does a mendicant know the trail?It’s when a mendicant truly understands the noble eightfold path.It’s when a mendicant truly understands the noble eightfold path.

That’s how a mendicant knows the trail.That’s how a mendicant knows the trail.And how is a mendicant skilled in ranges?And how is a mendicant skilled in ranges?It’s when a mendicant truly understands the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.It’s when a mendicant truly understands the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

That’s how a mendicant is skilled in ranges.That’s how a mendicant is skilled in ranges.And how does a mendicant not milk dry?And how does a mendicant not milk dry?It’s when a mendicant is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick,It’s when a mendicant is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick,

and that mendicant knows moderation in accepting.and that mendicant knows moderation in accepting.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t milk dry.That’s how a mendicant doesn’t milk dry.And how does a mendicant show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha?And how does a mendicant show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha?

It’s when a mendicant consistently treats senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private.It’s when a mendicant consistently treats senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private.That’s how a mendicant shows extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.That’s how a mendicant shows extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha.A mendicant with these eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this teaching and training.”A mendicant with these eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this teaching and training.”

That is what the Buddha said.That is what the Buddha said.Satisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said.Satisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said.