中部第 136 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Longer Analysis of Deeds · 1/2

Middle Discourses 136Middle Discourses 136The Longer Analysis of DeedsThe Longer Analysis of Deeds

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground.At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground.Now at that time Venerable Samiddhi was staying in a wilderness hut.Now at that time Venerable Samiddhi was staying in a wilderness hut.

Then as the wanderer Potaliputta was going for a walk he came up to Venerable Samiddhi and exchanged greetings with him.Then as the wanderer Potaliputta was going for a walk he came up to Venerable Samiddhi and exchanged greetings with him.When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to him:When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to him:“Reverend Samiddhi, I have heard and learned this in the presence of the ascetic Gotama:“Reverend Samiddhi, I have heard and learned this in the presence of the ascetic Gotama:

‘Deeds by way of body and speech are done in vain. Only mental deeds are real.’‘Deeds by way of body and speech are done in vain. Only mental deeds are real.’And: ‘There is such an attainment where the one who enters it does not feel anything at all.’”And: ‘There is such an attainment where the one who enters it does not feel anything at all.’”“Don’t say that, Reverend Potaliputta, don’t say that! Don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for misrepresentation of the Buddha is not good. And the Buddha would not say this:“Don’t say that, Reverend Potaliputta, don’t say that! Don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for misrepresentation of the Buddha is not good. And the Buddha would not say this:

‘Deeds by way of body and speech are done in vain. Only mental deeds are real.’‘Deeds by way of body and speech are done in vain. Only mental deeds are real.’But, reverend, there is such an attainment where the one who enters it does not feel anything at all.”But, reverend, there is such an attainment where the one who enters it does not feel anything at all.”“Reverend Samiddhi, how long has it been since you went forth?”“Reverend Samiddhi, how long has it been since you went forth?”

“Not long, reverend: three years.”“Not long, reverend: three years.”“Well now, what are we to say to the senior mendicants, when even such a junior mendicant imagines their Teacher needs defending?“Well now, what are we to say to the senior mendicants, when even such a junior mendicant imagines their Teacher needs defending?After doing an intentional deed by way of body, speech, or mind, reverend, what does one feel?”After doing an intentional deed by way of body, speech, or mind, reverend, what does one feel?”

“After doing an intentional deed by way of body, speech, or mind, reverend, one feels suffering.”“After doing an intentional deed by way of body, speech, or mind, reverend, one feels suffering.”Then, neither approving nor rejecting Samiddhi’s statement, PotaliputtaThen, neither approving nor rejecting Samiddhi’s statement, Potaliputtarose from his seat and left.rose from his seat and left.

Soon after he had left, Venerable Samiddhi went to Venerable Ānanda, and exchanged greetings with him.Soon after he had left, Venerable Samiddhi went to Venerable Ānanda, and exchanged greetings with him.When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side,When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side,and informed Ānanda of all they had discussed.and informed Ānanda of all they had discussed.

When he had spoken, Ānanda said to him,When he had spoken, Ānanda said to him,“Reverend Samiddhi, we should see the Buddha about this matter.“Reverend Samiddhi, we should see the Buddha about this matter.Come, let’s go to the Buddha and inform him about this.Come, let’s go to the Buddha and inform him about this.

As he answers, so we’ll remember it.”As he answers, so we’ll remember it.”“Yes, reverend,” Samiddhi replied.“Yes, reverend,” Samiddhi replied.Then Ānanda and Samiddhi went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side,Then Ānanda and Samiddhi went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side,

and told him what had happened.and told him what had happened.When they had spoken, the Buddha said to Ānanda,When they had spoken, the Buddha said to Ānanda,“I don’t recall even seeing the wanderer Potaliputta, Ānanda, so how could we have had such a discussion?“I don’t recall even seeing the wanderer Potaliputta, Ānanda, so how could we have had such a discussion?

The wanderer Potaliputta’s question should have been answered after analyzing it, but this futile man answered categorically.”The wanderer Potaliputta’s question should have been answered after analyzing it, but this futile man answered categorically.”When he said this, Venerable Udāyī said to him,When he said this, Venerable Udāyī said to him,“But perhaps, sir, Venerable Samiddhi spoke in reference to the statement:“But perhaps, sir, Venerable Samiddhi spoke in reference to the statement:

‘Suffering includes whatever is felt.’”‘Suffering includes whatever is felt.’”But the Buddha said to Venerable Ānanda,But the Buddha said to Venerable Ānanda,“See what this futile man Udāyī comes up with?“See what this futile man Udāyī comes up with?

I knew thatI knew thathe was coming up with something irrational.he was coming up with something irrational.Right from the start Potaliputta asked about the three feelings.Right from the start Potaliputta asked about the three feelings.

Suppose the futile man Samiddhi had answered the wanderer Potaliputta’s question like this:Suppose the futile man Samiddhi had answered the wanderer Potaliputta’s question like this:‘After doing an intentional deed to be experienced as pleasant by way of body, speech, or mind, one feels pleasure.‘After doing an intentional deed to be experienced as pleasant by way of body, speech, or mind, one feels pleasure.After doing an intentional deed to be experienced as painful by way of body, speech, or mind, one feels pain.After doing an intentional deed to be experienced as painful by way of body, speech, or mind, one feels pain.

After doing an intentional deed to be experienced as neutral by way of body, speech, or mind, one feels neutral.’After doing an intentional deed to be experienced as neutral by way of body, speech, or mind, one feels neutral.’Answering in this way, Samiddhi would have rightly answered Potaliputta.Answering in this way, Samiddhi would have rightly answered Potaliputta.Still, who are those foolish and incompetent wanderers of other religions to understand the Realized One’s great analysis of deeds?Still, who are those foolish and incompetent wanderers of other religions to understand the Realized One’s great analysis of deeds?

If you would all listen, Ānanda, I will explain the Realized One’s great analysis of deeds.”If you would all listen, Ānanda, I will explain the Realized One’s great analysis of deeds.”“Now is the time, Blessed One! Now is the time, Holy One!“Now is the time, Blessed One! Now is the time, Holy One!Let the Buddha explain the great analysis of deeds. The mendicants will listen and remember it.”Let the Buddha explain the great analysis of deeds. The mendicants will listen and remember it.”

“Well then, Ānanda, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”“Well then, Ānanda, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:

“Ānanda, these four individuals are found in the world.“Ānanda, these four individuals are found in the world.What four?What four?It’s when an individual here kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct. They use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re covetous, malicious, and have wrong view.It’s when an individual here kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct. They use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re covetous, malicious, and have wrong view.

When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.But some other individual here kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct. They use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re covetous, malicious, and have wrong view.But some other individual here kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct. They use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re covetous, malicious, and have wrong view.When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.

But some other individual here refrains from killing living creatures, stealing, sexual misconduct, or using speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, with right view.But some other individual here refrains from killing living creatures, stealing, sexual misconduct, or using speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, with right view.When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.But some other individual here refrains from killing living creatures, stealing, sexual misconduct, or using speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, with right view.But some other individual here refrains from killing living creatures, stealing, sexual misconduct, or using speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, with right view.

When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.Now, some ascetic or brahmin—by dint of keen, resolute, committed, and diligent effort, and right application of mind—experiences an immersion of the heart of such a kind that it gives rise to clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman. With that clairvoyance they see that individualNow, some ascetic or brahmin—by dint of keen, resolute, committed, and diligent effort, and right application of mind—experiences an immersion of the heart of such a kind that it gives rise to clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman. With that clairvoyance they see that individual

here who killed living creatures, stole, and committed sexual misconduct; who used speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; and who was covetous, malicious, and had wrong view. And they see that, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.here who killed living creatures, stole, and committed sexual misconduct; who used speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; and who was covetous, malicious, and had wrong view. And they see that, when their body breaks up, after death, they are reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.They say:They say:‘It seems, worthy sir, that there is such a thing as bad deeds, and the result of bad conduct.‘It seems, worthy sir, that there is such a thing as bad deeds, and the result of bad conduct.

For I have seen a individual here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And when their body broke up, after death, they were reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.’For I have seen a individual here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And when their body broke up, after death, they were reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.’They say:They say:‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in hell.‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in hell.

Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’But some other ascetic or brahmin—by dint of keen, resolute, committed, and diligent effort, and right application of mind—experiences an immersion of the heart of such a kind that it gives rise to clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman. With that clairvoyance they see that individualBut some other ascetic or brahmin—by dint of keen, resolute, committed, and diligent effort, and right application of mind—experiences an immersion of the heart of such a kind that it gives rise to clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman. With that clairvoyance they see that individual

here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And they see that they are reborn in a heavenly realm.here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And they see that they are reborn in a heavenly realm.They say:They say:‘It seems that there is no such thing as bad deeds, and the result of bad conduct.‘It seems that there is no such thing as bad deeds, and the result of bad conduct.

For I have seen an individual here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And I saw that they were reborn in a heavenly realm.’For I have seen an individual here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And I saw that they were reborn in a heavenly realm.’They say:They say:‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in a heavenly realm.‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in a heavenly realm.

Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’Take some ascetic or brahmin who with clairvoyance sees an individualTake some ascetic or brahmin who with clairvoyance sees an individual

here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And they see that they are reborn in a heavenly realm.here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And they see that they are reborn in a heavenly realm.They say:They say:‘It seems that there is such a thing as good deeds, and the result of good conduct.‘It seems that there is such a thing as good deeds, and the result of good conduct.

For I have seen an individual here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And I saw that they were reborn in a heavenly realm.’For I have seen an individual here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And I saw that they were reborn in a heavenly realm.’They say:They say:‘It seems that everyone who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view is reborn in a heavenly realm.‘It seems that everyone who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view is reborn in a heavenly realm.

Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’Take some ascetic or brahmin who with clairvoyance sees an individual here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And they see that they are reborn in hell.Take some ascetic or brahmin who with clairvoyance sees an individual here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And they see that they are reborn in hell.

They say:They say:‘It seems that there is no such thing as good deeds, and the result of good conduct. For I have seen an individual‘It seems that there is no such thing as good deeds, and the result of good conduct. For I have seen an individualhere who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And I saw that they were reborn in hell.’here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And I saw that they were reborn in hell.’

They say: ‘It seems that everyone who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view is reborn in hell.They say: ‘It seems that everyone who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view is reborn in hell.Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’

In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this:In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this:‘It seems that there is such a thing as bad deeds, and the result of bad conduct,’ I grant them that.‘It seems that there is such a thing as bad deeds, and the result of bad conduct,’ I grant them that.And when they say:And when they say:

‘I have seen an individual here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And after death, they were reborn in hell,’ I also grant them that.‘I have seen an individual here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And after death, they were reborn in hell,’ I also grant them that.But when they say:But when they say:‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in hell,’ I don’t grant them that.‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in hell,’ I don’t grant them that.

And when they say:And when they say:‘Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’ I also don’t grant them that.‘Those whose notion is this have the right notion. Those whose notion is otherwise have a wrong notion.’ I also don’t grant them that.And when they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile,’ I also don’t grant them that.And when they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile,’ I also don’t grant them that.

Why is that?Why is that?Because the Realized One’s knowledge of the great analysis of deeds is otherwise.Because the Realized One’s knowledge of the great analysis of deeds is otherwise.In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this:In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this:

‘It seems that there is no such thing as bad deeds, and the result of bad conduct,’ I don’t grant them that.‘It seems that there is no such thing as bad deeds, and the result of bad conduct,’ I don’t grant them that.But when they say:But when they say:‘I have seen an individual here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And I saw that they were reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I grant them that.‘I have seen an individual here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And I saw that they were reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I grant them that.

But when they say:But when they say:‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I don’t grant them that. …‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I don’t grant them that. …Because the Realized One’s knowledge of the great analysis of deeds is otherwise.Because the Realized One’s knowledge of the great analysis of deeds is otherwise.

In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this:In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this:‘It seems that there is such a thing as good deeds, and the result of good conduct,’ I grant them that.‘It seems that there is such a thing as good deeds, and the result of good conduct,’ I grant them that.And when they say:And when they say:

‘I have seen an individual here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And I saw that they were reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I also grant them that.‘I have seen an individual here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And I saw that they were reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I also grant them that.But when they say:But when they say: