中部第 135 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Shorter Analysis of Deeds · 1/1

Middle Discourses 135Middle Discourses 135The Shorter Analysis of DeedsThe Shorter Analysis of Deeds

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.Then the student Subha, Todeyya’s son, approached the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.Then the student Subha, Todeyya’s son, approached the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.

When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha:When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha:“What is the cause, worthy Gotama, what is the reason why even among those who are human beings some are seen to be inferior and superior?“What is the cause, worthy Gotama, what is the reason why even among those who are human beings some are seen to be inferior and superior?For people are seen who are short-lived and long-lived,For people are seen who are short-lived and long-lived,

sickly and healthy,sickly and healthy,ugly and beautiful,ugly and beautiful,insignificant and illustrious,insignificant and illustrious,

poor and rich,poor and rich,from low and eminent families,from low and eminent families,witless and wise.witless and wise.

What is the reason why even among those who are human beings some are seen to be inferior and superior?”What is the reason why even among those who are human beings some are seen to be inferior and superior?”“Student, sentient beings are the owners of their deeds and heir to their deeds. Deeds are their womb, their relative, and their refuge.“Student, sentient beings are the owners of their deeds and heir to their deeds. Deeds are their womb, their relative, and their refuge.It is deeds that divide beings intoIt is deeds that divide beings into

inferior and superior.”inferior and superior.”“I don’t understand the meaning of what the worthy Gotama has said in brief, without explaining the details.“I don’t understand the meaning of what the worthy Gotama has said in brief, without explaining the details.Worthy Gotama, please teach me this matter in detail so I can understand the meaning.”Worthy Gotama, please teach me this matter in detail so I can understand the meaning.”

“Well then, student, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”“Well then, student, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”“Yes, worthy sir,” replied Subha.“Yes, worthy sir,” replied Subha.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:

“Take some woman or man who kills living creatures. They’re violent, bloody-handed, a hardened killer, merciless to living beings.“Take some woman or man who kills living creatures. They’re violent, bloody-handed, a hardened killer, merciless to living beings.Because of undertaking such deeds, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.Because of undertaking such deeds, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.If they’re not reborn in a place of loss, but return to the human realm, then wherever they’re reborn they’re short-lived.If they’re not reborn in a place of loss, but return to the human realm, then wherever they’re reborn they’re short-lived.

For killing living creatures is the path leading to a short lifespan.For killing living creatures is the path leading to a short lifespan.But take some woman or man who gives up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.But take some woman or man who gives up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.Because of undertaking such deeds, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.Because of undertaking such deeds, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.

If they’re not reborn in a heavenly realm, but return to the human realm, then wherever they’re reborn they’re long-lived.If they’re not reborn in a heavenly realm, but return to the human realm, then wherever they’re reborn they’re long-lived.For not killing living creatures is the path leading to a long lifespan.For not killing living creatures is the path leading to a long lifespan.Take some woman or man who habitually hurts living creatures with a fist, stone, rod, or sword.Take some woman or man who habitually hurts living creatures with a fist, stone, rod, or sword.

Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …or if they return to the human realm, they’re sickly …or if they return to the human realm, they’re sickly …But take some woman or man who would never hurt living creatures with a fist, stone, rod, or sword.But take some woman or man who would never hurt living creatures with a fist, stone, rod, or sword.

Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …or if they return to the human realm, they’re healthy …or if they return to the human realm, they’re healthy …Take some woman or man who is irritable and bad-tempered.Take some woman or man who is irritable and bad-tempered.

Even when lightly criticized they lose their temper, becoming annoyed, hostile, and hard-hearted, and displaying annoyance, hate, and bitterness.Even when lightly criticized they lose their temper, becoming annoyed, hostile, and hard-hearted, and displaying annoyance, hate, and bitterness.Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …or if they return to the human realm, they’re ugly …or if they return to the human realm, they’re ugly …

But take some woman or man who isn’t irritable and bad-tempered.But take some woman or man who isn’t irritable and bad-tempered.Even when heavily criticized, they don’t lose their temper, become annoyed, hostile, and hard-hearted, or display annoyance, hate, and bitterness.Even when heavily criticized, they don’t lose their temper, become annoyed, hostile, and hard-hearted, or display annoyance, hate, and bitterness.Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …

or if they return to the human realm, they’re lovely …or if they return to the human realm, they’re lovely …Take some woman or man who is jealous.Take some woman or man who is jealous.They envy, resent, and begrudge the possessions, honor, respect, reverence, homage, and veneration given to others.They envy, resent, and begrudge the possessions, honor, respect, reverence, homage, and veneration given to others.

Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …or if they return to the human realm, they’re insignificant …or if they return to the human realm, they’re insignificant …But take some woman or man who is not jealous …But take some woman or man who is not jealous …

Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …or if they return to the human realm, they’re illustrious …or if they return to the human realm, they’re illustrious …Take some woman or man who doesn’t give to ascetics or brahmins such things as food, drink, clothing, vehicles; garlands, fragrance, and makeup; and bed, house, and lighting.Take some woman or man who doesn’t give to ascetics or brahmins such things as food, drink, clothing, vehicles; garlands, fragrance, and makeup; and bed, house, and lighting.

Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …or if they return to the human realm, they’re poor …or if they return to the human realm, they’re poor …But take some woman or man who does give to ascetics or brahmins …But take some woman or man who does give to ascetics or brahmins …

Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …or if they return to the human realm, they’re rich …or if they return to the human realm, they’re rich …Take some woman or man who is obstinate and arrogant.Take some woman or man who is obstinate and arrogant.

They don’t bow to those they should bow to. They don’t rise up for them, offer them a seat, make way for them, or honor, respect, esteem, or venerate those who are worthy of such.They don’t bow to those they should bow to. They don’t rise up for them, offer them a seat, make way for them, or honor, respect, esteem, or venerate those who are worthy of such.Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …or if they return to the human realm, they’re reborn in a low class family …or if they return to the human realm, they’re reborn in a low class family …

But take some woman or man who is not obstinate and arrogant …But take some woman or man who is not obstinate and arrogant …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a heavenly realm …or if they return to the human realm, they’re reborn in an eminent family …or if they return to the human realm, they’re reborn in an eminent family …

Take some woman or man who doesn’t approach an ascetic or brahmin to ask:Take some woman or man who doesn’t approach an ascetic or brahmin to ask:‘Sir, what is skillful and what is unskillful?‘Sir, what is skillful and what is unskillful?What is blameworthy and what is blameless?What is blameworthy and what is blameless?

What should be cultivated and what should not be cultivated?What should be cultivated and what should not be cultivated?What kind of action will lead to my lasting harm and suffering? Or what kind of action will lead to my lasting welfare and happiness?’What kind of action will lead to my lasting harm and suffering? Or what kind of action will lead to my lasting welfare and happiness?’Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …Because of undertaking such deeds, after death they’re reborn in a place of loss …

or if they return to the human realm, they’re witless …or if they return to the human realm, they’re witless …But take some woman or man who does approach an ascetic or brahmin to ask:But take some woman or man who does approach an ascetic or brahmin to ask:‘Sir, what is skillful and what is unskillful?‘Sir, what is skillful and what is unskillful?

What is blameworthy and what is blameless?What is blameworthy and what is blameless?What should be cultivated and what should not be cultivated?What should be cultivated and what should not be cultivated?What kind of action will lead to my lasting harm and suffering? Or what kind of action will lead to my lasting welfare and happiness?’What kind of action will lead to my lasting harm and suffering? Or what kind of action will lead to my lasting welfare and happiness?’

Because of undertaking such deeds, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.Because of undertaking such deeds, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.If they’re not reborn in a heavenly realm, but return to the human realm, then wherever they’re reborn they’re very wise.If they’re not reborn in a heavenly realm, but return to the human realm, then wherever they’re reborn they’re very wise.For asking questions of ascetics or brahmins is the path leading to wisdom.For asking questions of ascetics or brahmins is the path leading to wisdom.

So it is the way people live that makes them how they are, whether short-lived or long-lived,So it is the way people live that makes them how they are, whether short-lived or long-lived,sickly or healthy,sickly or healthy,ugly or lovely,ugly or lovely,

insignificant or illustrious,insignificant or illustrious,poor or rich,poor or rich,in a low class or eminent family,in a low class or eminent family,

or witless or wise.or witless or wise.Sentient beings are the owners of their deeds and heir to their deeds. Deeds are their womb, their relative, and their refuge.Sentient beings are the owners of their deeds and heir to their deeds. Deeds are their womb, their relative, and their refuge.It is deeds that divide beings intoIt is deeds that divide beings into

inferior and superior.”inferior and superior.”When he had spoken, Subha said to him,When he had spoken, Subha said to him,“Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent!“Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent!

As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, worthy Gotama has made the Teaching clear in many ways.As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, worthy Gotama has made the Teaching clear in many ways.I go for refuge to the worthy Gotama, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.I go for refuge to the worthy Gotama, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”