中部第 117 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Great Forty · 1/2

Middle Discourses 117Middle Discourses 117The Great FortyThe Great Forty

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,

“Mendicants!”“Mendicants!”“Venerable sir,” they replied.“Venerable sir,” they replied.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:

“Mendicants, I will teach you noble right immersion with its vital conditions and its prerequisites.“Mendicants, I will teach you noble right immersion with its vital conditions and its prerequisites.Listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”Listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”“Yes, sir,” they replied.“Yes, sir,” they replied.

The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:“And what is noble right immersion with its vital conditions and its prerequisites?“And what is noble right immersion with its vital conditions and its prerequisites?They are: right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, and right mindfulness.They are: right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, and right mindfulness.

Unification of mind with these seven factors as prerequisitesUnification of mind with these seven factors as prerequisitesis called noble right immersion ‘with its vital conditions’ and also ‘with its prerequisites’.is called noble right immersion ‘with its vital conditions’ and also ‘with its prerequisites’.In this context, right view comes first.In this context, right view comes first.

And how does right view come first?And how does right view come first?When you understand wrong view as wrong view and right view as right view, that’s your right view.When you understand wrong view as wrong view and right view as right view, that’s your right view.And what is wrong view?And what is wrong view?

‘There’s no meaning in giving, sacrifice, or offerings. There’s no fruit or result of good and bad deeds. There’s no afterlife. There’s no such thing as mother and father, or beings that are reborn spontaneously. And there’s no ascetic or brahmin who is rightly comported and rightly practiced, and who describes the afterlife after realizing it with their own insight.’‘There’s no meaning in giving, sacrifice, or offerings. There’s no fruit or result of good and bad deeds. There’s no afterlife. There’s no such thing as mother and father, or beings that are reborn spontaneously. And there’s no ascetic or brahmin who is rightly comported and rightly practiced, and who describes the afterlife after realizing it with their own insight.’

This is wrong view.This is wrong view.And what is right view?And what is right view?Right view is twofold, I say.Right view is twofold, I say.

There is right view that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.There is right view that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.And there is right view that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.And there is right view that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.And what is right view that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?And what is right view that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?

‘There is meaning in giving, sacrifice, and offerings. There are fruits and results of good and bad deeds. There is an afterlife. There are such things as mother and father, and beings that are reborn spontaneously. And there are ascetics and brahmins who are rightly comported and rightly practiced, and who describe the afterlife after realizing it with their own insight.’‘There is meaning in giving, sacrifice, and offerings. There are fruits and results of good and bad deeds. There is an afterlife. There are such things as mother and father, and beings that are reborn spontaneously. And there are ascetics and brahmins who are rightly comported and rightly practiced, and who describe the afterlife after realizing it with their own insight.’

This is right view that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.This is right view that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.And what is right view that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?And what is right view that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?It’s the wisdom—the faculty of wisdom, the power of wisdom, the awakening factor of investigation of principles, and right view as a factor of the path—in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.It’s the wisdom—the faculty of wisdom, the power of wisdom, the awakening factor of investigation of principles, and right view as a factor of the path—in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.

This is called right view that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.This is called right view that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.They make an effort to give up wrong view and embrace right view: that’s their right effort.They make an effort to give up wrong view and embrace right view: that’s their right effort.Mindfully they give up wrong view and embrace right view: that’s their right mindfulness.Mindfully they give up wrong view and embrace right view: that’s their right mindfulness.

So these three things keep running and circling around right view, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.So these three things keep running and circling around right view, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.In this context, right view comes first.In this context, right view comes first.And how does right view come first?And how does right view come first?

When you understand wrong purpose as wrong purpose and right purpose as right purpose, that’s your right view.When you understand wrong purpose as wrong purpose and right purpose as right purpose, that’s your right view.And what is wrong purpose?And what is wrong purpose?Purposes of sensuality, of malice, and of cruelty.Purposes of sensuality, of malice, and of cruelty.

This is wrong purpose.This is wrong purpose.And what is right purpose?And what is right purpose?Right purpose is twofold, I say.Right purpose is twofold, I say.

There is right purpose that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.There is right purpose that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.And there is right purpose that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.And there is right purpose that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.And what is right purpose that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?And what is right purpose that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?

Purposes of renunciation, good will, and harmlessness.Purposes of renunciation, good will, and harmlessness.This is right purpose that is accompanied by defilements.This is right purpose that is accompanied by defilements.And what is right purpose that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?And what is right purpose that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?

It’s the thinking—the placing of the mind, thought, planting, implanting, embedding of the mind, verbal process—in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.It’s the thinking—the placing of the mind, thought, planting, implanting, embedding of the mind, verbal process—in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.This is right purpose that is noble.This is right purpose that is noble.They make an effort to give up wrong purpose and embrace right purpose: that’s their right effort.They make an effort to give up wrong purpose and embrace right purpose: that’s their right effort.

Mindfully they give up wrong purpose and take up right purpose: that’s their right mindfulness.Mindfully they give up wrong purpose and take up right purpose: that’s their right mindfulness.So these three things keep running and circling around right purpose, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.So these three things keep running and circling around right purpose, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.In this context, right view comes first.In this context, right view comes first.

And how does right view come first?And how does right view come first?When you understand wrong speech as wrong speech and right speech as right speech, that’s your right view.When you understand wrong speech as wrong speech and right speech as right speech, that’s your right view.And what is wrong speech?And what is wrong speech?

Speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical.Speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical.This is wrong speech.This is wrong speech.And what is right speech?And what is right speech?

Right speech is twofold, I say.Right speech is twofold, I say.There is right speech that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.There is right speech that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.And there is right speech that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.And there is right speech that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.

And what is right speech that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?And what is right speech that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?Refraining from lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and talking nonsense.Refraining from lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and talking nonsense.This is right speech that is accompanied by defilements.This is right speech that is accompanied by defilements.

And what is right speech that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?And what is right speech that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?It’s the desisting, abstaining, abstinence, and refraining from the four kinds of bad verbal conduct in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.It’s the desisting, abstaining, abstinence, and refraining from the four kinds of bad verbal conduct in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.This is right speech that is noble.This is right speech that is noble.

They make an effort to give up wrong speech and embrace right speech: that’s their right effort.They make an effort to give up wrong speech and embrace right speech: that’s their right effort.Mindfully they give up wrong speech and take up right speech: that’s their right mindfulness.Mindfully they give up wrong speech and take up right speech: that’s their right mindfulness.So these three things keep running and circling around right speech, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.So these three things keep running and circling around right speech, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.

In this context, right view comes first.In this context, right view comes first.And how does right view come first?And how does right view come first?When you understand wrong action as wrong action and right action as right action, that’s your right view.When you understand wrong action as wrong action and right action as right action, that’s your right view.

And what is wrong action?And what is wrong action?Killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct.Killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct.This is wrong action.This is wrong action.

And what is right action?And what is right action?Right action is twofold, I say.Right action is twofold, I say.There is right action that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.There is right action that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.

And there is right action that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.And there is right action that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.And what is right action that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?And what is right action that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?Refraining from killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct.Refraining from killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct.

This is right action that is accompanied by defilements.This is right action that is accompanied by defilements.And what is right action that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?And what is right action that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?It’s the desisting, abstaining, abstinence, and refraining from the three kinds of bad bodily conduct in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.It’s the desisting, abstaining, abstinence, and refraining from the three kinds of bad bodily conduct in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.

This is right action that is noble.This is right action that is noble.They make an effort to give up wrong action and embrace right action: that’s their right effort.They make an effort to give up wrong action and embrace right action: that’s their right effort.Mindfully they give up wrong action and take up right action: that’s their right mindfulness.Mindfully they give up wrong action and take up right action: that’s their right mindfulness.

So these three things keep running and circling around right action, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.So these three things keep running and circling around right action, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.In this context, right view comes first.In this context, right view comes first.And how does right view come first?And how does right view come first?

When you understand wrong livelihood as wrong livelihood and right livelihood as right livelihood, that’s your right view.When you understand wrong livelihood as wrong livelihood and right livelihood as right livelihood, that’s your right view.And what is wrong livelihood?And what is wrong livelihood?Fawning, flattery, hinting, and belittling, and using material things to chase after other material things.Fawning, flattery, hinting, and belittling, and using material things to chase after other material things.

This is wrong livelihood.This is wrong livelihood.And what is right livelihood?And what is right livelihood?Right livelihood is twofold, I say.Right livelihood is twofold, I say.

There is right livelihood that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.There is right livelihood that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments.And there is right livelihood that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.And there is right livelihood that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path.And what is right livelihood that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?And what is right livelihood that is accompanied by defilements, partakes of good deeds, and ripens in attachments?

It’s when a noble disciple gives up wrong livelihood and earns a living by right livelihood.It’s when a noble disciple gives up wrong livelihood and earns a living by right livelihood.This is right livelihood that is accompanied by defilements.This is right livelihood that is accompanied by defilements.And what is right livelihood that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?And what is right livelihood that is noble, undefiled, transcendent, a factor of the path?

It’s the desisting, abstaining, abstinence, and refraining from wrong livelihood in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.It’s the desisting, abstaining, abstinence, and refraining from wrong livelihood in one intent on the noble, intent on the undefiled, who possesses the noble path and develops the noble path.This is right livelihood that is noble.This is right livelihood that is noble.They make an effort to give up wrong livelihood and embrace right livelihood: that’s their right effort.They make an effort to give up wrong livelihood and embrace right livelihood: that’s their right effort.

Mindfully they give up wrong livelihood and take up right livelihood: that’s their right mindfulness.Mindfully they give up wrong livelihood and take up right livelihood: that’s their right mindfulness.So these three things keep running and circling around right livelihood, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.So these three things keep running and circling around right livelihood, namely: right view, right effort, and right mindfulness.In this context, right view comes first.In this context, right view comes first.

And how does right view come first?And how does right view come first?Right view produces right purpose. Right purpose produces right speech. Right speech produces right action. Right action produces right livelihood. Right livelihood produces right effort. Right effort produces right mindfulness. Right mindfulness produces right immersion. Right immersion produces right knowledge. Right knowledge produces right freedom.Right view produces right purpose. Right purpose produces right speech. Right speech produces right action. Right action produces right livelihood. Right livelihood produces right effort. Right effort produces right mindfulness. Right mindfulness produces right immersion. Right immersion produces right knowledge. Right knowledge produces right freedom.

So the trainee has eight factors, while the perfected one has ten factors.So the trainee has eight factors, while the perfected one has ten factors.And here too, the eradication of many bad, unskillful qualities is fully developed due to right knowledge.And here too, the eradication of many bad, unskillful qualities is fully developed due to right knowledge.In this context, right view comes first.In this context, right view comes first.

And how does right view come first?And how does right view come first?For one of right view, wrong view is worn away.For one of right view, wrong view is worn away.And the many bad, unskillful qualities that arise because of wrong view are worn away.And the many bad, unskillful qualities that arise because of wrong view are worn away.