中部第 114 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · What Should and Should Not Be Cultivated · 1/3

Middle Discourses 114Middle Discourses 114What Should and Should Not Be CultivatedWhat Should and Should Not Be Cultivated

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,

“Mendicants!”“Mendicants!”“Venerable sir,” they replied.“Venerable sir,” they replied.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:

“Mendicants, I will teach you an exposition of the teaching on what should and should not be cultivated.“Mendicants, I will teach you an exposition of the teaching on what should and should not be cultivated.Listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”Listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”“Yes, sir,” they replied.“Yes, sir,” they replied.

The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:“I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior:“I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

And each of these is a kind of bodily behavior.And each of these is a kind of bodily behavior.I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior:I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

And each of these is a kind of verbal behavior.And each of these is a kind of verbal behavior.I say that there are two kinds of mental behavior:I say that there are two kinds of mental behavior:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

And each of these is a kind of mental behavior.And each of these is a kind of mental behavior.I say that there are two arisings of thought:I say that there are two arisings of thought:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

And each of these is an arising of thought.And each of these is an arising of thought.I say that there are two acquisitions of perception:I say that there are two acquisitions of perception:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

And each of these is an acquisition of perception.And each of these is an acquisition of perception.I say that there are two acquisitions of views:I say that there are two acquisitions of views:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

And each of these is an acquisition of views.And each of these is an acquisition of views.I say that there are two kinds of incarnation:I say that there are two kinds of incarnation:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

And these are equally incarnation.”And these are equally incarnation.”When he said this, Venerable Sāriputta said to the Buddha,When he said this, Venerable Sāriputta said to the Buddha,“Sir, this is how I understand the detailed meaning of the Buddha’s brief statement.“Sir, this is how I understand the detailed meaning of the Buddha’s brief statement.

‘I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior:‘I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.And each of these is a kind of bodily behavior.’And each of these is a kind of bodily behavior.’

That’s what the Buddha said,That’s what the Buddha said,but why did he say it?but why did he say it?You should not cultivate the kind of bodily behavior which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.You should not cultivate the kind of bodily behavior which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.

And you should cultivate the kind of bodily behavior which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.And you should cultivate the kind of bodily behavior which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.And what kind of bodily behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline?And what kind of bodily behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline?It’s when someone kills living creatures. They’re violent, bloody-handed, a hardened killer, merciless to living beings.It’s when someone kills living creatures. They’re violent, bloody-handed, a hardened killer, merciless to living beings.

They steal. With the intention to commit theft, they take the wealth or belongings of others from village or wilderness.They steal. With the intention to commit theft, they take the wealth or belongings of others from village or wilderness.They commit sexual misconduct. They have relations with women who have their mother, father, both mother and father, brother, sister, relatives, or clan as guardian. They have relations with a woman who is protected on principle, or who has a husband, or whose violation is punishable by law, or even one who has been garlanded as a token of betrothal.They commit sexual misconduct. They have relations with women who have their mother, father, both mother and father, brother, sister, relatives, or clan as guardian. They have relations with a woman who is protected on principle, or who has a husband, or whose violation is punishable by law, or even one who has been garlanded as a token of betrothal.

That kind of bodily behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.That kind of bodily behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.And what kind of bodily behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow?And what kind of bodily behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow?It’s when someone gives up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.It’s when someone gives up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.

They give up stealing. They don’t, with the intention to commit theft, take the wealth or belongings of others from village or wilderness.They give up stealing. They don’t, with the intention to commit theft, take the wealth or belongings of others from village or wilderness.They give up sexual misconduct. They don’t have relations with women who have their mother, father, both mother and father, brother, sister, relatives, or clan as guardian. They don’t have relations with a woman who is protected on principle, or who has a husband, or whose violation is punishable by law, or even one who has been garlanded as a token of betrothal.They give up sexual misconduct. They don’t have relations with women who have their mother, father, both mother and father, brother, sister, relatives, or clan as guardian. They don’t have relations with a woman who is protected on principle, or who has a husband, or whose violation is punishable by law, or even one who has been garlanded as a token of betrothal.

That kind of bodily behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.That kind of bodily behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.‘I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior:‘I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

And each of these is a kind of bodily behavior.’And each of these is a kind of bodily behavior.’That’s what the Buddha said, and this is why he said it.That’s what the Buddha said, and this is why he said it.‘I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior:‘I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior:

that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.And each of these is a kind of verbal behavior.’And each of these is a kind of verbal behavior.’That’s what the Buddha said,That’s what the Buddha said,

but why did he say it?but why did he say it?You should not cultivate the kind of verbal behavior which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.You should not cultivate the kind of verbal behavior which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.And you should cultivate the kind of verbal behavior which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.And you should cultivate the kind of verbal behavior which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.

And what kind of verbal behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline?And what kind of verbal behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline?It’s when someone lies. They’re summoned to a council, an assembly, a family meeting, a guild, or to the royal court, and asked to bear witness: ‘Please, my man, say what you know.’ Not knowing, they say ‘I know.’ Knowing, they say ‘I don’t know.’ Not seeing, they say ‘I see.’ And seeing, they say ‘I don’t see.’ So they deliberately lie for the sake of themselves or another, or for some trivial worldly reason.It’s when someone lies. They’re summoned to a council, an assembly, a family meeting, a guild, or to the royal court, and asked to bear witness: ‘Please, my man, say what you know.’ Not knowing, they say ‘I know.’ Knowing, they say ‘I don’t know.’ Not seeing, they say ‘I see.’ And seeing, they say ‘I don’t see.’ So they deliberately lie for the sake of themselves or another, or for some trivial worldly reason.

They backbite. They repeat in one place what they heard in another so as to divide people against each other. And so they divide those who are harmonious, supporting division, delighting in division, loving division, speaking words that promote division.They backbite. They repeat in one place what they heard in another so as to divide people against each other. And so they divide those who are harmonious, supporting division, delighting in division, loving division, speaking words that promote division.They speak harshly. They use the kinds of words that are cruel, nasty, hurtful, offensive, bordering on anger, not leading to immersion.They speak harshly. They use the kinds of words that are cruel, nasty, hurtful, offensive, bordering on anger, not leading to immersion.

They talk nonsense. Their speech is untimely, and is neither factual nor beneficial. It has nothing to do with the teaching or the training. Their words have no value, and are untimely, unreasonable, rambling, and pointless.They talk nonsense. Their speech is untimely, and is neither factual nor beneficial. It has nothing to do with the teaching or the training. Their words have no value, and are untimely, unreasonable, rambling, and pointless.That kind of verbal behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.That kind of verbal behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.And what kind of verbal behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow?And what kind of verbal behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow?

It’s when someone gives up lying. They’re summoned to a council, an assembly, a family meeting, a guild, or to the royal court, and asked to bear witness: ‘Please, my friend, say what you know.’ Not knowing, they say ‘I don’t know.’ Knowing, they say ‘I know.’ Not seeing, they say ‘I don’t see.’ And seeing, they say ‘I see.’ So they don’t deliberately lie for the sake of themselves or another, or for some trivial worldly reason.It’s when someone gives up lying. They’re summoned to a council, an assembly, a family meeting, a guild, or to the royal court, and asked to bear witness: ‘Please, my friend, say what you know.’ Not knowing, they say ‘I don’t know.’ Knowing, they say ‘I know.’ Not seeing, they say ‘I don’t see.’ And seeing, they say ‘I see.’ So they don’t deliberately lie for the sake of themselves or another, or for some trivial worldly reason.

They give up backbiting. They don’t repeat in one place what they heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, they reconcile those who are divided and support those who are united, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.They give up backbiting. They don’t repeat in one place what they heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, they reconcile those who are divided and support those who are united, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.They give up harsh speech. They speak in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, endearing, going to the heart, polite, and likable and agreeable to the people.They give up harsh speech. They speak in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, endearing, going to the heart, polite, and likable and agreeable to the people.

They give up talking nonsense. Their words are timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. They say things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.They give up talking nonsense. Their words are timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. They say things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.That kind of verbal behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.That kind of verbal behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.‘I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior:‘I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior:

that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.And each of these is a kind of verbal behavior.’And each of these is a kind of verbal behavior.’That’s what the Buddha said, and this is why he said it.That’s what the Buddha said, and this is why he said it.

‘I say that there are two kinds of mental behavior:‘I say that there are two kinds of mental behavior:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.And each of these is a kind of mental behavior.’And each of these is a kind of mental behavior.’

That’s what the Buddha said,That’s what the Buddha said,but why did he say it?but why did he say it?You should not cultivate the kind of mental behavior which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.You should not cultivate the kind of mental behavior which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.

And you should cultivate the kind of mental behavior which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.And you should cultivate the kind of mental behavior which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.And what kind of mental behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline?And what kind of mental behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline?It’s when someone is covetous. They covet the wealth and belongings of others: ‘Oh, if only their belongings were mine!’It’s when someone is covetous. They covet the wealth and belongings of others: ‘Oh, if only their belongings were mine!’

They have ill will and malicious intentions: ‘May these sentient beings be killed, slaughtered, slain, destroyed, or annihilated!’They have ill will and malicious intentions: ‘May these sentient beings be killed, slaughtered, slain, destroyed, or annihilated!’That kind of mental behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.That kind of mental behavior causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.And what kind of mental behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow?And what kind of mental behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow?

It’s when someone is content. They don’t covet the wealth and belongings of others: ‘Oh, if only their belongings were mine!’It’s when someone is content. They don’t covet the wealth and belongings of others: ‘Oh, if only their belongings were mine!’They have a kind heart and loving intentions: ‘May these sentient beings live free of enmity and ill will, untroubled and happy!’They have a kind heart and loving intentions: ‘May these sentient beings live free of enmity and ill will, untroubled and happy!’That kind of mental behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.That kind of mental behavior causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.

‘I say that there are two kinds of mental behavior:‘I say that there are two kinds of mental behavior:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.And each of these is a kind of mental behavior.’And each of these is a kind of mental behavior.’

That’s what the Buddha said, and this is why he said it.That’s what the Buddha said, and this is why he said it.‘I say that there are two arisings of thought:‘I say that there are two arisings of thought:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

And each of these is an arising of thought.’And each of these is an arising of thought.’That’s what the Buddha said,That’s what the Buddha said,but why did he say it?but why did he say it?

You should not cultivate the arising of thought which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.You should not cultivate the arising of thought which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.And you should cultivate the arising of thought which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.And you should cultivate the arising of thought which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.And what arising of thought causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline?And what arising of thought causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline?

It’s when someone is covetous, and lives with their heart full of covetousness.It’s when someone is covetous, and lives with their heart full of covetousness.They are malicious, and live with their heart full of ill will.They are malicious, and live with their heart full of ill will.They’re hurtful, and live with their heart intent on harm.They’re hurtful, and live with their heart intent on harm.

That arising of thought causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.That arising of thought causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.And what arising of thought causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow?And what arising of thought causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow?It’s when someone is content, and lives with their heart full of contentment.It’s when someone is content, and lives with their heart full of contentment.

They have good will, and live with their heart full of good will.They have good will, and live with their heart full of good will.They’re kind, and live with their heart full of kindness.They’re kind, and live with their heart full of kindness.That arising of thought causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.That arising of thought causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.

‘I say that there are two arisings of thought:‘I say that there are two arisings of thought:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.And each of these is an arising of thought.’And each of these is an arising of thought.’

That’s what the Buddha said, and this is why he said it.That’s what the Buddha said, and this is why he said it.‘I say that there are two acquisitions of perception:‘I say that there are two acquisitions of perception: