中部第 112 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Sixfold Purification · 1/2

Middle Discourses 112Middle Discourses 112The Sixfold PurificationThe Sixfold Purification

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,

“Mendicants!”“Mendicants!”“Venerable sir,” they replied.“Venerable sir,” they replied.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:

“Take a mendicant who declares enlightenment:“Take a mendicant who declares enlightenment:‘I understand: “Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.”’‘I understand: “Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.”’You should neither approve nor reject that mendicant’s statement.You should neither approve nor reject that mendicant’s statement.

Rather, you should question them:Rather, you should question them:‘Reverend, these four kinds of expression have been rightly explained by the Blessed One, who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.‘Reverend, these four kinds of expression have been rightly explained by the Blessed One, who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.What four?What four?

Saying you’ve seen, heard, thought, or known something, and you have.Saying you’ve seen, heard, thought, or known something, and you have.These are the four kinds of expression rightly explained by the Blessed One, who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.These are the four kinds of expression rightly explained by the Blessed One, who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.How does the venerable know and see regarding these four kinds of expression so that your mind is freed from defilements by not grasping?’How does the venerable know and see regarding these four kinds of expression so that your mind is freed from defilements by not grasping?’

For a mendicant with defilements ended—who has completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their heart’s goal, utterly ended the fetter of continued existence, and is rightly freed through enlightenment—it is in line with the teaching to answer:For a mendicant with defilements ended—who has completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their heart’s goal, utterly ended the fetter of continued existence, and is rightly freed through enlightenment—it is in line with the teaching to answer:‘Regarding what is seen, reverends, I live without getting involved or shying away, independent, untied, liberated, detached, with mind free of boundaries.‘Regarding what is seen, reverends, I live without getting involved or shying away, independent, untied, liberated, detached, with mind free of boundaries.

Regarding what is heard …Regarding what is heard …thought …thought …or known, I live without getting involved or shying away, independent, untied, liberated, detached, with mind free of boundaries.or known, I live without getting involved or shying away, independent, untied, liberated, detached, with mind free of boundaries.

That is how I know and see regarding these four kinds of expression so that my mind is freed from defilements by not grasping.’That is how I know and see regarding these four kinds of expression so that my mind is freed from defilements by not grasping.’Saying ‘Good!’ you should applaud and cheer that mendicant’s statement,Saying ‘Good!’ you should applaud and cheer that mendicant’s statement,then ask a further question:then ask a further question:

‘Reverend, these five grasping aggregates have been rightly explained by the Buddha.‘Reverend, these five grasping aggregates have been rightly explained by the Buddha.What five?What five?That is: the grasping aggregates of form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness.That is: the grasping aggregates of form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness.

These are the five grasping aggregates that have been rightly explained by the Buddha.These are the five grasping aggregates that have been rightly explained by the Buddha.How does the venerable know and see regarding these five grasping aggregates so that your mind is freed from defilements by not grasping?’How does the venerable know and see regarding these five grasping aggregates so that your mind is freed from defilements by not grasping?’For a mendicant with defilements ended it is in line with the teaching to answer:For a mendicant with defilements ended it is in line with the teaching to answer:

‘Reverends, knowing that form is powerless, faded, and unreliable, I understand that my mind is freed through the ending, fading away, cessation, giving away, and letting go of attraction, grasping, mental fixation, insistence, and underlying tendency for form.‘Reverends, knowing that form is powerless, faded, and unreliable, I understand that my mind is freed through the ending, fading away, cessation, giving away, and letting go of attraction, grasping, mental fixation, insistence, and underlying tendency for form.Knowing that feeling …Knowing that feeling …perception …perception …

choices …choices …consciousness is powerless, faded, and unreliable, I understand that my mind is freed through the ending, fading away, cessation, giving away, and letting go of attraction, grasping, mental fixation, insistence, and underlying tendency for consciousness.consciousness is powerless, faded, and unreliable, I understand that my mind is freed through the ending, fading away, cessation, giving away, and letting go of attraction, grasping, mental fixation, insistence, and underlying tendency for consciousness.That is how I know and see regarding these five grasping aggregates so that my mind is freed from defilements by not grasping.’That is how I know and see regarding these five grasping aggregates so that my mind is freed from defilements by not grasping.’

Saying ‘Good!’ you should applaud and cheer that mendicant’s statement,Saying ‘Good!’ you should applaud and cheer that mendicant’s statement,then ask a further question:then ask a further question:‘Reverend, these six elements have been rightly explained by the Buddha.‘Reverend, these six elements have been rightly explained by the Buddha.

What six?What six?The elements of earth, water, fire, air, space, and consciousness.The elements of earth, water, fire, air, space, and consciousness.These are the six elements that have been rightly explained by the Buddha.These are the six elements that have been rightly explained by the Buddha.

How does the venerable know and see regarding these six elements so that your mind is freed from defilements by not grasping?’How does the venerable know and see regarding these six elements so that your mind is freed from defilements by not grasping?’For a mendicant with defilements ended it is in line with the teaching to answer:For a mendicant with defilements ended it is in line with the teaching to answer:‘Reverends, I’ve not taken the earth element as self, nor is there a self based on the earth element.‘Reverends, I’ve not taken the earth element as self, nor is there a self based on the earth element.

And I understand that my mind is freed through the ending, fading away, cessation, giving away, and letting go of attraction, grasping, mental fixation, insistence, and underlying tendency based on the earth element.And I understand that my mind is freed through the ending, fading away, cessation, giving away, and letting go of attraction, grasping, mental fixation, insistence, and underlying tendency based on the earth element.I’ve not taken the water element …I’ve not taken the water element …fire element …fire element …

air element …air element …space element …space element …consciousness element as self, nor is there a self based on the consciousness element.consciousness element as self, nor is there a self based on the consciousness element.

And I understand that my mind is freed through the ending of attraction based on the consciousness element.And I understand that my mind is freed through the ending of attraction based on the consciousness element.That is how I know and see regarding these six elements so that my mind is freed from defilements by not grasping.’That is how I know and see regarding these six elements so that my mind is freed from defilements by not grasping.’Saying ‘Good!’ you should applaud and cheer that mendicant’s statement,Saying ‘Good!’ you should applaud and cheer that mendicant’s statement,

then ask a further question:then ask a further question:‘Reverend, these six interior and exterior sense fields have been rightly explained by the Buddha.‘Reverend, these six interior and exterior sense fields have been rightly explained by the Buddha.What six?What six?

The eye and sights, the ear and sounds, the nose and smells, the tongue and tastes, the body and touches, and the mind and ideas.The eye and sights, the ear and sounds, the nose and smells, the tongue and tastes, the body and touches, and the mind and ideas.These are the six interior and exterior sense fields that have been rightly explained by the Buddha.These are the six interior and exterior sense fields that have been rightly explained by the Buddha.How does the venerable know and see regarding these six interior and exterior sense fields so that your mind is freed from defilements by not grasping?’How does the venerable know and see regarding these six interior and exterior sense fields so that your mind is freed from defilements by not grasping?’

For a mendicant with defilements ended it is in line with the teaching to answer:For a mendicant with defilements ended it is in line with the teaching to answer:‘I understand that my mind is freed through the ending, fading away, cessation, giving away, and letting go of desire and greed and relishing and craving; attraction, grasping, mental fixation, insistence, and underlying tendency for the eye, sights, eye consciousness, and things knowable by eye consciousness.‘I understand that my mind is freed through the ending, fading away, cessation, giving away, and letting go of desire and greed and relishing and craving; attraction, grasping, mental fixation, insistence, and underlying tendency for the eye, sights, eye consciousness, and things knowable by eye consciousness.

I understand that my mind is freed through the ending of desire for the ear …I understand that my mind is freed through the ending of desire for the ear …nose …nose …tongue …tongue …

body …body …mind, ideas, mind consciousness, and things knowable by mind consciousness.mind, ideas, mind consciousness, and things knowable by mind consciousness.That is how I know and see regarding these six interior and exterior sense fields so that my mind is freed from defilements by not grasping.’That is how I know and see regarding these six interior and exterior sense fields so that my mind is freed from defilements by not grasping.’

Saying ‘Good!’ you should applaud and cheer that mendicant’s statement,Saying ‘Good!’ you should applaud and cheer that mendicant’s statement,then ask a further question:then ask a further question:‘Sir, how does the venerable know and see so that he has eradicated I-making, mine-making, and the underlying tendency to conceit for this conscious body and externally for all signs?’‘Sir, how does the venerable know and see so that he has eradicated I-making, mine-making, and the underlying tendency to conceit for this conscious body and externally for all signs?’

For a mendicant with defilements ended it is in line with the teaching to answer:For a mendicant with defilements ended it is in line with the teaching to answer:‘Formerly, reverends, when I was still a layperson, I was ignorant.‘Formerly, reverends, when I was still a layperson, I was ignorant.Then the Realized One or one of his disciples taught me the Dhamma.Then the Realized One or one of his disciples taught me the Dhamma.

I gained faith in the Realized One,I gained faith in the Realized One,and reflected:and reflected:“Life at home is cramped and dirty, life gone forth is wide open.“Life at home is cramped and dirty, life gone forth is wide open.

It’s not easy for someone living at home to lead the spiritual life utterly full and pure, like a polished shell.It’s not easy for someone living at home to lead the spiritual life utterly full and pure, like a polished shell.Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from lay life to homelessness?”Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from lay life to homelessness?”After some time I gave up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. I shaved off hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness.After some time I gave up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. I shaved off hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness.

Once I had gone forth, I took up the training and livelihood of the mendicants. I gave up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. I was scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.Once I had gone forth, I took up the training and livelihood of the mendicants. I gave up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. I was scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.I gave up stealing. I took only what’s given, and expected only what’s given. I kept myself clean by not thieving.I gave up stealing. I took only what’s given, and expected only what’s given. I kept myself clean by not thieving.I gave up unchastity. I became chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.I gave up unchastity. I became chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.

I gave up lying. I spoke the truth and stuck to the truth. I was honest and dependable, not tricking the world with my words.I gave up lying. I spoke the truth and stuck to the truth. I was honest and dependable, not tricking the world with my words.I gave up backbiting. I didn’t repeat in one place what I heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, I reconciled those who are divided and support those who are united, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.I gave up backbiting. I didn’t repeat in one place what I heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, I reconciled those who are divided and support those who are united, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.

I gave up harsh speech. I spoke in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, endearing, going to the heart, polite, and likable and agreeable to the people.I gave up harsh speech. I spoke in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, endearing, going to the heart, polite, and likable and agreeable to the people.I gave up talking nonsense. My words were timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. I said things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.I gave up talking nonsense. My words were timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. I said things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.I refrained from injuring plants and seeds. I ate in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and food at the wrong time.I refrained from injuring plants and seeds. I ate in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and food at the wrong time.

I refrained from seeing shows of dancing, singing, and music.I refrained from seeing shows of dancing, singing, and music.I refrained from attiring and adorning myself with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.I refrained from attiring and adorning myself with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.I refrained from high and luxurious beds.I refrained from high and luxurious beds.

I refrained from receiving gold and currency,I refrained from receiving gold and currency,raw grains,raw grains,raw meat,raw meat,

women and girls,women and girls,male and female bondservants,male and female bondservants,goats and sheep,goats and sheep,

chicken and pigs,chicken and pigs,elephants, cows, horses, and mares,elephants, cows, horses, and mares,and fields and land.and fields and land.

I refrained from running errands and messages;I refrained from running errands and messages;buying and selling;buying and selling;falsifying weights, metals, or measures;falsifying weights, metals, or measures;

bribery, fraud, cheating, and duplicity;bribery, fraud, cheating, and duplicity;mutilation, murder, abduction, banditry, plunder, and violence.mutilation, murder, abduction, banditry, plunder, and violence.I became content with robes to look after the body and almsfood to look after the belly. Wherever I went, I set out taking only these things.I became content with robes to look after the body and almsfood to look after the belly. Wherever I went, I set out taking only these things.

Like a bird: wherever it flies, wings are its only burden.Like a bird: wherever it flies, wings are its only burden.In the same way, I became content with robes to look after the body and almsfood to look after the belly. Wherever I went, I set out taking only these things.In the same way, I became content with robes to look after the body and almsfood to look after the belly. Wherever I went, I set out taking only these things.When I had this spectrum of noble ethics, I experienced a blameless happiness inside myself.When I had this spectrum of noble ethics, I experienced a blameless happiness inside myself.

When I saw a sight with my eyes, I didn’t get caught up in the features and details.When I saw a sight with my eyes, I didn’t get caught up in the features and details.If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, I practiced restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint.If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, I practiced restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint.When I heard a sound with my ears …When I heard a sound with my ears …

When I smelled an odor with my nose …When I smelled an odor with my nose …When I tasted a flavor with my tongue …When I tasted a flavor with my tongue …When I felt a touch with my body …When I felt a touch with my body …

When I knew an idea with my mind, I didn’t get caught up in the features and details.When I knew an idea with my mind, I didn’t get caught up in the features and details.If the faculty of the mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, I practiced restraint, protecting the faculty of the mind, and achieving its restraint.If the faculty of the mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, I practiced restraint, protecting the faculty of the mind, and achieving its restraint.When I had this noble sense restraint, I experienced an unsullied bliss inside myself.When I had this noble sense restraint, I experienced an unsullied bliss inside myself.

I acted with situational awareness when going out and coming back; when looking ahead and aside; when bending and extending the limbs; when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes; when eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting; when urinating and defecating; when walking, standing, sitting, sleeping, waking, speaking, and keeping silent.I acted with situational awareness when going out and coming back; when looking ahead and aside; when bending and extending the limbs; when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes; when eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting; when urinating and defecating; when walking, standing, sitting, sleeping, waking, speaking, and keeping silent.