中部第 109 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Longer Discourse on the Full-Moon Night · 1/1

Middle Discourses 109Middle Discourses 109The Longer Discourse on the Full-Moon NightThe Longer Discourse on the Full-Moon Night

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in the stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother in the Eastern Monastery.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in the stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother in the Eastern Monastery.Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the full moon on the fifteenth day—and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks.Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the full moon on the fifteenth day—and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks.

Then one of the monks rose from his seat, arranged his robe over one shoulder, raised his cupped palms toward the Buddha, and said,Then one of the monks rose from his seat, arranged his robe over one shoulder, raised his cupped palms toward the Buddha, and said,“Sir, I’d like to ask the Buddha about a certain point, if you’d take the time to answer.”“Sir, I’d like to ask the Buddha about a certain point, if you’d take the time to answer.”“Well then, monk, take your own seat and ask what you wish.”“Well then, monk, take your own seat and ask what you wish.”

That monk took his seat and said to the Buddha:That monk took his seat and said to the Buddha:“Sir, are these the five grasping aggregates:“Sir, are these the five grasping aggregates:form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness?”form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness?”

“Yes, they are,” replied the Buddha.“Yes, they are,” replied the Buddha.Saying “Good, sir”, that monk approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. Then he asked another question:Saying “Good, sir”, that monk approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. Then he asked another question:“But sir, what is the root of these five grasping aggregates?”“But sir, what is the root of these five grasping aggregates?”

“These five grasping aggregates are rooted in desire.”“These five grasping aggregates are rooted in desire.”“But sir, is that grasping the exact same thing as the five grasping aggregates? Or is grasping one thing and the five grasping aggregates another?”“But sir, is that grasping the exact same thing as the five grasping aggregates? Or is grasping one thing and the five grasping aggregates another?”“Neither.“Neither.

The desire and greed for the five grasping aggregates is the grasping there.”The desire and greed for the five grasping aggregates is the grasping there.”“But sir, can there be disparity in desire and greed for the five grasping aggregates?”“But sir, can there be disparity in desire and greed for the five grasping aggregates?”“There can,” said the Buddha.“There can,” said the Buddha.

“It’s when someone thinks:“It’s when someone thinks:‘In the future, may I be of such form, such feeling, such perception, such choices, and such consciousness!’‘In the future, may I be of such form, such feeling, such perception, such choices, and such consciousness!’That’s how there can be disparity in desire and greed for the five grasping aggregates.”That’s how there can be disparity in desire and greed for the five grasping aggregates.”

“Sir, what is the scope of the term ‘aggregates’ as applied to the aggregates?”“Sir, what is the scope of the term ‘aggregates’ as applied to the aggregates?”“Any kind of form at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: this is called the aggregate of form.“Any kind of form at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: this is called the aggregate of form.Any kind of feeling at all …Any kind of feeling at all …

Any kind of perception at all …Any kind of perception at all …Any kind of choices at all …Any kind of choices at all …Any kind of consciousness at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: this is called the aggregate of consciousness.Any kind of consciousness at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: this is called the aggregate of consciousness.

That’s the scope of the term ‘aggregates’ as applied to the aggregates.”That’s the scope of the term ‘aggregates’ as applied to the aggregates.”“What is the cause, sir, what is the reason why the aggregate of form is found?“What is the cause, sir, what is the reason why the aggregate of form is found?What is the cause, what is the reason why the aggregate of feeling …What is the cause, what is the reason why the aggregate of feeling …

perception …perception …choices …choices …consciousness is found?”consciousness is found?”

“The four principal states are the reason why the aggregate of form is found.“The four principal states are the reason why the aggregate of form is found.Contact is the reason why the aggregates of feeling,Contact is the reason why the aggregates of feeling,perception,perception,

and choices are found.and choices are found.Name and form are the reasons why the aggregate of consciousness is found.”Name and form are the reasons why the aggregate of consciousness is found.”“But sir, how does substantialist view come about?”“But sir, how does substantialist view come about?”

“It’s when an unlearned ordinary person has not seen the noble ones, and is neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve not seen true persons, and are neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the true persons.“It’s when an unlearned ordinary person has not seen the noble ones, and is neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve not seen true persons, and are neither skilled nor trained in the teaching of the true persons.They regard form as self, self as having form, form in self, or self in form.They regard form as self, self as having form, form in self, or self in form.They regard feeling as self, self as having feeling, feeling in self, or self in feeling.They regard feeling as self, self as having feeling, feeling in self, or self in feeling.

They regard perception as self, self as having perception, perception in self, or self in perception.They regard perception as self, self as having perception, perception in self, or self in perception.They regard choices as self, self as having choices, choices in self, or self in choices.They regard choices as self, self as having choices, choices in self, or self in choices.They regard consciousness as self, self as having consciousness, consciousness in self, or self in consciousness.They regard consciousness as self, self as having consciousness, consciousness in self, or self in consciousness.

That’s how substantialist view comes about.”That’s how substantialist view comes about.”“But sir, how does substantialist view not come about?”“But sir, how does substantialist view not come about?”“It’s when a learned noble disciple has seen the noble ones, and is skilled and trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve seen true persons, and are skilled and trained in the teaching of the true persons.“It’s when a learned noble disciple has seen the noble ones, and is skilled and trained in the teaching of the noble ones. They’ve seen true persons, and are skilled and trained in the teaching of the true persons.

They don’t regard form as self, self as having form, form in self, or self in form.They don’t regard form as self, self as having form, form in self, or self in form.They don’t regard feeling as self, self as having feeling, feeling in self, or self in feeling.They don’t regard feeling as self, self as having feeling, feeling in self, or self in feeling.They don’t regard perception as self, self as having perception, perception in self, or self in perception.They don’t regard perception as self, self as having perception, perception in self, or self in perception.

They don’t regard choices as self, self as having choices, choices in self, or self in choices.They don’t regard choices as self, self as having choices, choices in self, or self in choices.They don’t regard consciousness as self, self as having consciousness, consciousness in self, or self in consciousness.They don’t regard consciousness as self, self as having consciousness, consciousness in self, or self in consciousness.That’s how substantialist view does not come about.”That’s how substantialist view does not come about.”

“Sir, what’s the gratification, the drawback, and the escape when it comes to form,“Sir, what’s the gratification, the drawback, and the escape when it comes to form,feeling,feeling,perception,perception,

choices,choices,and consciousness?”and consciousness?”“The pleasure and happiness that arise from form: this is its gratification.“The pleasure and happiness that arise from form: this is its gratification.

That form is impermanent, suffering, and perishable: this is its drawback.That form is impermanent, suffering, and perishable: this is its drawback.Removing and giving up desire and greed for form: this is its escape.Removing and giving up desire and greed for form: this is its escape.The pleasure and happiness that arise from feeling …The pleasure and happiness that arise from feeling …

perception …perception …choices …choices …consciousness: this is its gratification.consciousness: this is its gratification.

That consciousness is impermanent, suffering, and perishable: this is its drawback.That consciousness is impermanent, suffering, and perishable: this is its drawback.Removing and giving up desire and greed for consciousness: this is its escape.”Removing and giving up desire and greed for consciousness: this is its escape.”“Sir, how does one know and see so that there’s no I-making, mine-making, or underlying tendency to conceit for this conscious body and externally for all signs?”“Sir, how does one know and see so that there’s no I-making, mine-making, or underlying tendency to conceit for this conscious body and externally for all signs?”

“One truly sees any kind of form at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all form—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’“One truly sees any kind of form at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all form—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’One truly sees any kind of feeling …One truly sees any kind of feeling …perception …perception …

choices …choices …consciousness at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all consciousness—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’consciousness at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all consciousness—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’That’s how to know and see so that there’s no I-making, mine-making, or underlying tendency to conceit for this conscious body and externally for all signs.”That’s how to know and see so that there’s no I-making, mine-making, or underlying tendency to conceit for this conscious body and externally for all signs.”

Now at that time one of the monks had the thought,Now at that time one of the monks had the thought,“So it seems, worthy sir, that form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness are not-self.“So it seems, worthy sir, that form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness are not-self.Then how will the deeds done by not-self affect the self?”Then how will the deeds done by not-self affect the self?”

But the Buddha, knowing that monk’s train of thought, addressed the monks:But the Buddha, knowing that monk’s train of thought, addressed the monks:“It’s possible that some futile person here—unknowing and ignorant, his mind dominated by craving—thinks he can overstep the Teacher’s instructions. He thinks:“It’s possible that some futile person here—unknowing and ignorant, his mind dominated by craving—thinks he can overstep the Teacher’s instructions. He thinks:‘So it seems, worthy sir, that form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness are not-self.‘So it seems, worthy sir, that form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness are not-self.

Then how will the deeds done by not-self affect the self?’Then how will the deeds done by not-self affect the self?’Now, monks, you have been educated by me in questioning with regard to all these things in all such cases.Now, monks, you have been educated by me in questioning with regard to all these things in all such cases.What do you think, monks?What do you think, monks?

Is form permanent or impermanent?”Is form permanent or impermanent?”“Impermanent, sir.”“Impermanent, sir.”“But if it’s impermanent, is it suffering or happiness?”“But if it’s impermanent, is it suffering or happiness?”

“Suffering, sir.”“Suffering, sir.”“But if it’s impermanent, suffering, and perishable, is it fit to be regarded thus:“But if it’s impermanent, suffering, and perishable, is it fit to be regarded thus:‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’?”‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“What do you think, monks?“What do you think, monks?Is feeling …Is feeling …

perception …perception …choices …choices …consciousness permanent or impermanent?”consciousness permanent or impermanent?”

“Impermanent, sir.”“Impermanent, sir.”“But if it’s impermanent, is it suffering or happiness?”“But if it’s impermanent, is it suffering or happiness?”“Suffering, sir.”“Suffering, sir.”

“But if it’s impermanent, suffering, and perishable, is it fit to be regarded thus:“But if it’s impermanent, suffering, and perishable, is it fit to be regarded thus:‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’?”‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”

“So you should truly see any kind of form at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all form—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’“So you should truly see any kind of form at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all form—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’You should truly see any kind of feeling …You should truly see any kind of feeling …perception …perception …

choices …choices …consciousness at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all consciousness—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’consciousness at all—past, future, or present; internal or external; solid or subtle; inferior or superior; far or near: all consciousness—with right understanding: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’Seeing this, a learned noble disciple grows disillusioned with form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness.Seeing this, a learned noble disciple grows disillusioned with form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness.

Being disillusioned, desire fades away. When desire fades away they’re freed. When they’re freed, they know they’re freed.Being disillusioned, desire fades away. When desire fades away they’re freed. When they’re freed, they know they’re freed.They understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’”They understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’”That is what the Buddha said.That is what the Buddha said.

Satisfied, the monks approved what the Buddha said.Satisfied, the monks approved what the Buddha said.And while this discourse was being spoken, the minds of sixty monks were freed from defilements by not grasping.And while this discourse was being spoken, the minds of sixty monks were freed from defilements by not grasping.