长部第 31 经（Sujato 英译）第 2 阅读页 · Advice to Sigālaka · 2/3

Your possessions end up theirs.Your possessions end up theirs.Giving little, they expect a lot.Giving little, they expect a lot.They do their duty out of fear.They do their duty out of fear.

They associate for their own advantage.They associate for their own advantage.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on these four grounds.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on these four grounds.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on four grounds.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on four grounds.

They’re hospitable in the past. They’re hospitable in the future. They’re full of meaningless pleasantries. When something needs doing in the present they point to their own misfortune.They’re hospitable in the past. They’re hospitable in the future. They’re full of meaningless pleasantries. When something needs doing in the present they point to their own misfortune.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on these four grounds.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on these four grounds.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on four grounds.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on four grounds.

They support you equally in doing bad and doing good. They praise you to your face, and put you down behind your back.They support you equally in doing bad and doing good. They praise you to your face, and put you down behind your back.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on these four grounds.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on these four grounds.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on four grounds.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on four grounds.

They accompany you when drinking, roaming the street markets at night, frequenting festivals, and gambling.They accompany you when drinking, roaming the street markets at night, frequenting festivals, and gambling.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on these four grounds.”You can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on these four grounds.”That is what the Buddha said.That is what the Buddha said.

Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:“One friend is all take,“One friend is all take,another all talk;another all talk;

one’s just a flatterer,one’s just a flatterer,and one’s a comrade who spends.and one’s a comrade who spends.An astute person understandsAn astute person understands

these four enemies for what they arethese four enemies for what they areand keeps them at a distance,and keeps them at a distance,as they’d shun a risky road.”as they’d shun a risky road.”

12. Good-Hearted Friends12. Good-Hearted Friends

“Householder’s son, you should recognize these four good-hearted friends:“Householder’s son, you should recognize these four good-hearted friends:the helper, the friend in good times and bad, the counselor, and the one who’s sympathetic.the helper, the friend in good times and bad, the counselor, and the one who’s sympathetic.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on four grounds.

They guard you when you’re negligent. They guard your property when you’re negligent. They keep you safe in times of danger. When something needs doing, they provide you with twice the money you need.They guard you when you’re negligent. They guard your property when you’re negligent. They keep you safe in times of danger. When something needs doing, they provide you with twice the money you need.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on these four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on these four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on four grounds.

They tell you secrets. They keep your secrets. They don’t abandon you in times of trouble. They’d even give their life for your welfare.They tell you secrets. They keep your secrets. They don’t abandon you in times of trouble. They’d even give their life for your welfare.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on these four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on these four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on four grounds.

They keep you from doing bad. They support you in doing good. They teach you what you do not know. They explain the path to heaven.They keep you from doing bad. They support you in doing good. They teach you what you do not know. They explain the path to heaven.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on these four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on these four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s sympathetic on four grounds.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s sympathetic on four grounds.

They don’t delight in your misfortune. They delight in your good fortune. They keep others from criticizing you. They encourage praise of you.They don’t delight in your misfortune. They delight in your good fortune. They keep others from criticizing you. They encourage praise of you.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s sympathetic on these four grounds.”You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s sympathetic on these four grounds.”That is what the Buddha said.That is what the Buddha said.

Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:“A friend who’s a helper,“A friend who’s a helper,one the same in both pleasure and pain,one the same in both pleasure and pain,

a friend of good counsel,a friend of good counsel,and one of sympathy;and one of sympathy;an astute person understandsan astute person understands

these four friends for what they arethese four friends for what they areand carefully looks after them,and carefully looks after them,like a mother the child at her breast.like a mother the child at her breast.

The astute and virtuousThe astute and virtuousshine like a burning flame.shine like a burning flame.They pick up riches as beesThey pick up riches as bees

roaming round pick up pollen.roaming round pick up pollen.And their riches proceed to grow,And their riches proceed to grow,like a termite mound piling up.like a termite mound piling up.

In gathering wealth like this,In gathering wealth like this,a householder does enough for their family.a householder does enough for their family.And they’d hold on to friendsAnd they’d hold on to friends

by dividing their wealth in four.by dividing their wealth in four.One portion is to enjoy.One portion is to enjoy.Two parts invest in work.Two parts invest in work.

And the fourth should be keptAnd the fourth should be keptfor times of trouble.”for times of trouble.”

13. Covering the Six Directions13. Covering the Six Directions

“And how, householder’s son, does a noble disciple cover the six directions?“And how, householder’s son, does a noble disciple cover the six directions?These six directions should be recognized:These six directions should be recognized:parents as the east, tutors as the south, partner and children as the west, friends and colleagues as the north, bondservants and workers as beneath, and ascetics and brahmins as above.parents as the east, tutors as the south, partner and children as the west, friends and colleagues as the north, bondservants and workers as beneath, and ascetics and brahmins as above.

A child should serve their parents as the eastern quarter in five ways, thinking:A child should serve their parents as the eastern quarter in five ways, thinking:‘I will support those who supported me. I’ll do my duty for them. I’ll maintain the family lineage. I’ll take care of the inheritance. When they have passed away, I’ll make an offering on their behalf.’‘I will support those who supported me. I’ll do my duty for them. I’ll maintain the family lineage. I’ll take care of the inheritance. When they have passed away, I’ll make an offering on their behalf.’Parents served by the children in these five ways show sympathy to them in five ways.Parents served by the children in these five ways show sympathy to them in five ways.

They keep them from doing bad. They support them in doing good. They train them in a profession. They connect them with a suitable partner. They transfer the inheritance in due time.They keep them from doing bad. They support them in doing good. They train them in a profession. They connect them with a suitable partner. They transfer the inheritance in due time.Parents served by their children in these five ways show sympathy to them in these five ways.Parents served by their children in these five ways show sympathy to them in these five ways.And that’s how the eastern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.And that’s how the eastern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.

A pupil should serve their tutor as the southern quarter in five ways:A pupil should serve their tutor as the southern quarter in five ways:by rising for them, by serving them, by listening well, by looking after them, and by carefully learning their profession.by rising for them, by serving them, by listening well, by looking after them, and by carefully learning their profession.Tutors served by their pupils in these five ways show sympathy to them in five ways.Tutors served by their pupils in these five ways show sympathy to them in five ways.

They make sure they’re well educated and well drilled in memorization. They clearly explain all the knowledge of the profession. They introduce them to their friends and colleagues. They provide protection in every region.They make sure they’re well educated and well drilled in memorization. They clearly explain all the knowledge of the profession. They introduce them to their friends and colleagues. They provide protection in every region.Tutors served by their pupils in these five ways show sympathy to them in these five ways.Tutors served by their pupils in these five ways show sympathy to them in these five ways.And that’s how the southern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.And that’s how the southern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.

A husband should serve his wife as the western quarter in five ways:A husband should serve his wife as the western quarter in five ways:by treating her with honor, by not looking down on her, by not being unfaithful, by relinquishing authority to her, and by presenting her with adornments.by treating her with honor, by not looking down on her, by not being unfaithful, by relinquishing authority to her, and by presenting her with adornments.A wife served by her husband in these five ways shows sympathy to him in five ways.A wife served by her husband in these five ways shows sympathy to him in five ways.

She’s well-organized in her work. She manages the domestic help. She’s not unfaithful. She preserves his earnings. She’s deft and tireless in all her duties.She’s well-organized in her work. She manages the domestic help. She’s not unfaithful. She preserves his earnings. She’s deft and tireless in all her duties.A wife served by her husband in these five ways shows sympathy to him in these five ways.A wife served by her husband in these five ways shows sympathy to him in these five ways.And that’s how the western quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.And that’s how the western quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.

A gentleman should serve his friends and colleagues as the northern quarter in five ways:A gentleman should serve his friends and colleagues as the northern quarter in five ways:giving, kindly words, taking care, equality, and not using tricky words.giving, kindly words, taking care, equality, and not using tricky words.Friends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in five ways.Friends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in five ways.

They guard him when they’re negligent. They guard his property when they’re negligent. They keep him safe in times of danger. They don’t abandon him in times of trouble. They honor his descendants.They guard him when they’re negligent. They guard his property when they’re negligent. They keep him safe in times of danger. They don’t abandon him in times of trouble. They honor his descendants.Friends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in these five ways.Friends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in these five ways.And that’s how the northern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.And that’s how the northern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.

A master should serve their bondservants and workers as the lower quarter in five ways:A master should serve their bondservants and workers as the lower quarter in five ways:by organizing work according to ability, by paying food and wages, by nursing them when sick, by sharing special treats, and by giving time off work.by organizing work according to ability, by paying food and wages, by nursing them when sick, by sharing special treats, and by giving time off work.Bondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show sympathy to him in five ways.Bondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show sympathy to him in five ways.

They get up first, and go to bed last. They don’t steal. They do their work well. And they promote a good reputation.They get up first, and go to bed last. They don’t steal. They do their work well. And they promote a good reputation.Bondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show sympathy to him in these five ways.Bondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show sympathy to him in these five ways.And that’s how the lower quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.And that’s how the lower quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.

A gentleman should serve ascetics and brahmins as the upper quarter in five ways:A gentleman should serve ascetics and brahmins as the upper quarter in five ways:by loving deeds of body, speech, and mind, by not turning them away at the gate, and by providing them with material needs.by loving deeds of body, speech, and mind, by not turning them away at the gate, and by providing them with material needs.Ascetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in six ways.Ascetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in six ways.

They keep him from doing bad. They support him in doing good. They think of him with kindly thoughts. They teach him what he does not know. They clarify what he’s already learned. They explain the path to heaven.They keep him from doing bad. They support him in doing good. They think of him with kindly thoughts. They teach him what he does not know. They clarify what he’s already learned. They explain the path to heaven.Ascetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in these six ways.Ascetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in these six ways.And that’s how the upper quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.”And that’s how the upper quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.”

That is what the Buddha said.That is what the Buddha said.Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:“Parents are the east,“Parents are the east,

tutors the south,tutors the south,wives and child the west,wives and child the west,friends and colleagues the north,friends and colleagues the north,

servants and workers below,servants and workers below,and ascetics and brahmins above.and ascetics and brahmins above.By honoring these quartersBy honoring these quarters

a householder does enough for their family.a householder does enough for their family.The astute and the virtuous,The astute and the virtuous,the gentle and the articulate,the gentle and the articulate,

the placid in manner and the amenable:the placid in manner and the amenable:they’re the kind who win glory.they’re the kind who win glory.The diligent, not lazy,The diligent, not lazy,

those not disturbed by troubles,those not disturbed by troubles,those consistent in conduct, the intelligent:those consistent in conduct, the intelligent: