长部第 28 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · Inspiring Confidence · 1/3

Long Discourses 28Long Discourses 28Inspiring ConfidenceInspiring Confidence1. Sāriputta’s Lion’s Roar1. Sāriputta’s Lion’s Roar

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying near Nāḷandā in Pāvārika’s Mango Grove.At one time the Buddha was staying near Nāḷandā in Pāvārika’s Mango Grove.Then Sāriputta went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:Then Sāriputta went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:

“Sir, I have such confidence in the Buddha that I believe there’s no other ascetic or brahmin—whether past, future, or present—whose direct knowledge is superior to the Buddha when it comes to awakening.”“Sir, I have such confidence in the Buddha that I believe there’s no other ascetic or brahmin—whether past, future, or present—whose direct knowledge is superior to the Buddha when it comes to awakening.”“That’s a grand and bold statement, Sāriputta. You’ve roared a definitive, categorical lion’s roar, saying:“That’s a grand and bold statement, Sāriputta. You’ve roared a definitive, categorical lion’s roar, saying:‘I have such confidence in the Buddha that‘I have such confidence in the Buddha that

I believe there’s no other ascetic or brahmin—whether past, future, or present—whose direct knowledge is superior to the Buddha when it comes to awakening.’I believe there’s no other ascetic or brahmin—whether past, future, or present—whose direct knowledge is superior to the Buddha when it comes to awakening.’What about all the perfected ones, the fully awakened Buddhas who lived in the past? Have you encompassed their minds to know thatWhat about all the perfected ones, the fully awakened Buddhas who lived in the past? Have you encompassed their minds to know thatthose Buddhas had such ethics, or such qualities, or such wisdom, or such meditation, or such freedom?”those Buddhas had such ethics, or such qualities, or such wisdom, or such meditation, or such freedom?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“And what about all the perfected ones, the fully awakened Buddhas who will live in the future? Have you encompassed their minds to know that“And what about all the perfected ones, the fully awakened Buddhas who will live in the future? Have you encompassed their minds to know thatthose Buddhas will have such ethics, or such qualities, or such wisdom, or such meditation, or such freedom?”those Buddhas will have such ethics, or such qualities, or such wisdom, or such meditation, or such freedom?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“And what about me, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha at present? Have you encompassed my mind to know that“And what about me, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha at present? Have you encompassed my mind to know thatI have such ethics, or such qualities, or such wisdom, or such meditation, or such freedom?”I have such ethics, or such qualities, or such wisdom, or such meditation, or such freedom?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“In that case, Sāriputta, given that you don’t encompass the minds of Buddhas past, future, or present,“In that case, Sāriputta, given that you don’t encompass the minds of Buddhas past, future, or present,what then are you doing, making such a grand and bold statement, roaring such a definitive, categorical lion’s roar?”what then are you doing, making such a grand and bold statement, roaring such a definitive, categorical lion’s roar?”

“Sir, though I don’t encompass the minds of Buddhas past, future, and present,“Sir, though I don’t encompass the minds of Buddhas past, future, and present,still I understand this by inference from the teaching.still I understand this by inference from the teaching.Suppose there was a king’s frontier citadel with fortified embankments, ramparts, and arches, and a single gate.Suppose there was a king’s frontier citadel with fortified embankments, ramparts, and arches, and a single gate.

And it has a gatekeeper who is astute, competent, and intelligent. He keeps strangers out and lets known people in.And it has a gatekeeper who is astute, competent, and intelligent. He keeps strangers out and lets known people in.As he walks around the patrol path, he doesn’t see a hole or cleft in the wall, not even one big enough for a cat to slip out.As he walks around the patrol path, he doesn’t see a hole or cleft in the wall, not even one big enough for a cat to slip out.He thinks,He thinks,

‘Whatever sizable creatures enter or leave the citadel, all of them do so via this gate.’‘Whatever sizable creatures enter or leave the citadel, all of them do so via this gate.’In the same way, I understand this by inference from the teaching:In the same way, I understand this by inference from the teaching:‘All the perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas—whether past, future, or present—give up the five hindrances, corruptions of the heart that weaken wisdom. Their mind is firmly established in the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. They correctly develop the seven awakening factors. And they awaken to the supreme perfect awakening.’‘All the perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas—whether past, future, or present—give up the five hindrances, corruptions of the heart that weaken wisdom. Their mind is firmly established in the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. They correctly develop the seven awakening factors. And they awaken to the supreme perfect awakening.’

Sir, once I approached the Buddha to listen to the teaching.Sir, once I approached the Buddha to listen to the teaching.He explained Dhamma with its higher and higher stages, with its better and better stages, with its dark and bright sides.He explained Dhamma with its higher and higher stages, with its better and better stages, with its dark and bright sides.When I directly knew a certain principle of those teachings, in accordance with how I was taught, I came to a conclusion about the teachings. I had confidence in the Teacher:When I directly knew a certain principle of those teachings, in accordance with how I was taught, I came to a conclusion about the teachings. I had confidence in the Teacher:

‘The Blessed One is a fully awakened Buddha. The teaching is well explained. The Saṅgha is practicing well.’‘The Blessed One is a fully awakened Buddha. The teaching is well explained. The Saṅgha is practicing well.’

1.1. Teaching Skillful Qualities1.1. Teaching Skillful Qualities

And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches skillful qualities is unsurpassable.And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches skillful qualities is unsurpassable.This consists of such skillful qualities asThis consists of such skillful qualities asthe four kinds of mindfulness meditation, the four right efforts, the four bases of psychic power, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven awakening factors, and the noble eightfold path.the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, the four right efforts, the four bases of psychic power, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven awakening factors, and the noble eightfold path.

By these a mendicant realizes the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom. And they live having realized it with their own insight in this very life due to the ending of defilements.By these a mendicant realizes the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom. And they live having realized it with their own insight in this very life due to the ending of defilements.This is unsurpassable when it comes to skillful qualities.This is unsurpassable when it comes to skillful qualities.The Buddha understands this without exception. There is nothing to be understood beyond this whereby another ascetic or brahmin might be superior in direct knowledge to the Buddha when it comes to skillful qualities.The Buddha understands this without exception. There is nothing to be understood beyond this whereby another ascetic or brahmin might be superior in direct knowledge to the Buddha when it comes to skillful qualities.

1.2. Describing the Sense Fields1.2. Describing the Sense Fields

And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the description of the sense fields is unsurpassable.And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the description of the sense fields is unsurpassable.There are these six interior and exterior sense fields.There are these six interior and exterior sense fields.The eye and sights, the ear and sounds, the nose and smells, the tongue and tastes, the body and touches, and the mind and ideas.The eye and sights, the ear and sounds, the nose and smells, the tongue and tastes, the body and touches, and the mind and ideas.

This is unsurpassable when it comes to describing the sense fields.This is unsurpassable when it comes to describing the sense fields.The Buddha understands this without exception. There is nothing to be understood beyond this whereby another ascetic or brahmin might be superior in direct knowledge to the Buddha when it comes to describing the sense fields.The Buddha understands this without exception. There is nothing to be understood beyond this whereby another ascetic or brahmin might be superior in direct knowledge to the Buddha when it comes to describing the sense fields.

1.3. The Conception of the Embryo1.3. The Conception of the Embryo

And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the conception of the embryo is unsurpassable.And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the conception of the embryo is unsurpassable.There are these four kinds of conception.There are these four kinds of conception.Firstly, someone is unaware when conceived in their mother’s womb, unaware as they remain there, and unaware as they emerge. This is the first kind of conception.Firstly, someone is unaware when conceived in their mother’s womb, unaware as they remain there, and unaware as they emerge. This is the first kind of conception.

Furthermore, someone is aware when conceived in their mother’s womb, but unaware as they remain there, and unaware as they emerge. This is the second kind of conception.Furthermore, someone is aware when conceived in their mother’s womb, but unaware as they remain there, and unaware as they emerge. This is the second kind of conception.Furthermore, someone is aware when conceived in their mother’s womb, aware as they remain there, but unaware as they emerge. This is the third kind of conception.Furthermore, someone is aware when conceived in their mother’s womb, aware as they remain there, but unaware as they emerge. This is the third kind of conception.Furthermore, someone is aware when conceived in their mother’s womb, aware as they remain there, and aware as they emerge. This is the fourth kind of conception.Furthermore, someone is aware when conceived in their mother’s womb, aware as they remain there, and aware as they emerge. This is the fourth kind of conception.

This is unsurpassable when it comes to the conception of the embryo.This is unsurpassable when it comes to the conception of the embryo.

1.4. Ways of Revealing1.4. Ways of Revealing

And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the different ways of revealing is unsurpassable.And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the different ways of revealing is unsurpassable.There are these four ways of revealing.There are these four ways of revealing.Firstly, someone reveals by means of a sign,Firstly, someone reveals by means of a sign,

‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.This is the first way of revealing.This is the first way of revealing.

Furthermore, someone reveals after hearing it from humans or non-humans or deities,Furthermore, someone reveals after hearing it from humans or non-humans or deities,‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.

This is the second way of revealing.This is the second way of revealing.Furthermore, someone reveals by hearing the sound of thought spreading as someone thinks and considers,Furthermore, someone reveals by hearing the sound of thought spreading as someone thinks and considers,‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’

And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.This is the third way of revealing.This is the third way of revealing.Furthermore, someone comprehends the mind of one who has attained the immersion that’s free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. They understand,Furthermore, someone comprehends the mind of one who has attained the immersion that’s free of placing the mind and keeping it connected. They understand,

‘Judging by the way this worthy’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state, they’ll think this thought.’‘Judging by the way this worthy’s intentions are directed, immediately after this mind state, they’ll think this thought.’And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.And even if they reveal this many times, it turns out exactly so, not otherwise.This is the fourth way of revealing.This is the fourth way of revealing.

This is unsurpassable when it comes to the ways of revealing.This is unsurpassable when it comes to the ways of revealing.

1.5. Attainments of Vision1.5. Attainments of Vision

And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the attainments of vision is unsurpassable.And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the attainments of vision is unsurpassable.There are these four attainments of vision.There are these four attainments of vision.Firstly, some ascetic or brahmin—by dint of keen, resolute, committed, and diligent effort, and right application of mind—experiences an immersion of the heart of such a kind that they examine their own body up from the soles of the feet and down from the tips of the hairs, wrapped in skin and full of many kinds of filth.Firstly, some ascetic or brahmin—by dint of keen, resolute, committed, and diligent effort, and right application of mind—experiences an immersion of the heart of such a kind that they examine their own body up from the soles of the feet and down from the tips of the hairs, wrapped in skin and full of many kinds of filth.

‘In this body there is head hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, undigested food, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, snot, synovial fluid, urine.’‘In this body there is head hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, undigested food, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, snot, synovial fluid, urine.’This is the first attainment of vision.This is the first attainment of vision.Furthermore, some ascetic or brahmin experiences that immersion and examines their own body.Furthermore, some ascetic or brahmin experiences that immersion and examines their own body.

‘In this body there is head hair … urine.’‘In this body there is head hair … urine.’Going further, they examine a person’s bones with skin, flesh, and blood.Going further, they examine a person’s bones with skin, flesh, and blood.This is the second attainment of vision.This is the second attainment of vision.

Furthermore, some ascetic or brahmin experiences that immersion and examines their own body.Furthermore, some ascetic or brahmin experiences that immersion and examines their own body.‘In this body there is head hair … urine.’‘In this body there is head hair … urine.’Going further, they examine a person’s bones with skin, flesh, and blood.Going further, they examine a person’s bones with skin, flesh, and blood.

And they understand of a person that their stream of consciousness is consistent on both sides: established in both this world and the next.And they understand of a person that their stream of consciousness is consistent on both sides: established in both this world and the next.This is the third attainment of vision.This is the third attainment of vision.Furthermore, some ascetic or brahmin experiences that immersion and examines their own body.Furthermore, some ascetic or brahmin experiences that immersion and examines their own body.

‘In this body there is head hair … urine.’‘In this body there is head hair … urine.’Going further, they examine a person’s bones with skin, flesh, and blood.Going further, they examine a person’s bones with skin, flesh, and blood.They understand of a person that their stream of consciousness is consistent on both sides: not established in either this world or the next.They understand of a person that their stream of consciousness is consistent on both sides: not established in either this world or the next.

This is the fourth attainment of vision.This is the fourth attainment of vision.This is unsurpassable when it comes to attainments of vision.This is unsurpassable when it comes to attainments of vision.

1.6. Description of Individuals1.6. Description of Individuals

And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the description of individuals is unsurpassable.And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the description of individuals is unsurpassable.There are these seven individuals.There are these seven individuals.One freed both ways, one freed by wisdom, a direct witness, one attained to view, one freed by faith, a follower of teachings, a follower by faith.One freed both ways, one freed by wisdom, a direct witness, one attained to view, one freed by faith, a follower of teachings, a follower by faith.

This is unsurpassable when it comes to the description of individuals.This is unsurpassable when it comes to the description of individuals.

1.7. Kinds of Striving1.7. Kinds of Striving

And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the kinds of striving is unsurpassable.And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the kinds of striving is unsurpassable.There are these seven awakening factors: the awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, rapture, tranquility, immersion, and equanimity.There are these seven awakening factors: the awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, rapture, tranquility, immersion, and equanimity.This is unsurpassable when it comes to the kinds of striving.This is unsurpassable when it comes to the kinds of striving.

1.8. Ways of Practice1.8. Ways of Practice

And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the ways of practice is unsurpassable.And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches the ways of practice is unsurpassable.Painful practice with slow insight,Painful practice with slow insight,painful practice with swift insight,painful practice with swift insight,

pleasant practice with slow insight, andpleasant practice with slow insight, andpleasant practice with swift insight.pleasant practice with swift insight.Of these, the painful practice with slow insight is said to be inferior both ways: because it’s painful and because it’s slow.Of these, the painful practice with slow insight is said to be inferior both ways: because it’s painful and because it’s slow.

The painful practice with swift insight is said to be inferior because it’s painful.The painful practice with swift insight is said to be inferior because it’s painful.The pleasant practice with slow insight is said to be inferior because it’s slow.The pleasant practice with slow insight is said to be inferior because it’s slow.But the pleasant practice with swift insight is said to be superior both ways: because it’s pleasant and because it’s swift.But the pleasant practice with swift insight is said to be superior both ways: because it’s pleasant and because it’s swift.

This is unsurpassable when it comes to the ways of practice.This is unsurpassable when it comes to the ways of practice.

1.9. Behavior in Speech1.9. Behavior in Speech

And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches behavior in speech is unsurpassable.And moreover, sir, how the Buddha teaches behavior in speech is unsurpassable.It’s when someone doesn’t use speech that’s connected with lying, or divisive, or backbiting, or aggressively trying to win.It’s when someone doesn’t use speech that’s connected with lying, or divisive, or backbiting, or aggressively trying to win.They speak only wise counsel, valuable and timely.They speak only wise counsel, valuable and timely.