长部第 21 经（Sujato 英译）第 3 阅读页 · Sakka’s Questions · 3/4

And the Buddha answered him:And the Buddha answered him:“Lord of gods, the fetters of jealousy and stinginess bind the gods, humans, titans, dragons, centaurs—and any of the other diverse creatures—“Lord of gods, the fetters of jealousy and stinginess bind the gods, humans, titans, dragons, centaurs—and any of the other diverse creatures—so that, though they wish to be free of enmity, violence, hostility, and hate, they still have enmity, violence, hostility, and hate.”so that, though they wish to be free of enmity, violence, hostility, and hate, they still have enmity, violence, hostility, and hate.”

Such was the Buddha’s answer to Sakka.Such was the Buddha’s answer to Sakka.Delighted, Sakka approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, saying,Delighted, Sakka approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, saying,“That’s so true, Blessed One! That’s so true, Holy One!“That’s so true, Blessed One! That’s so true, Holy One!

Hearing the Buddha’s answer, I’ve gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision.”Hearing the Buddha’s answer, I’ve gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision.”And then, having approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, Sakka asked another question:And then, having approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, Sakka asked another question:“But good fellow, what is the source, origin, birthplace, and inception of jealousy and stinginess?“But good fellow, what is the source, origin, birthplace, and inception of jealousy and stinginess?

When what exists is there jealousy and stinginess?When what exists is there jealousy and stinginess?When what doesn’t exist is there no jealousy and stinginess?”When what doesn’t exist is there no jealousy and stinginess?”“The liked and the disliked, lord of gods, are the source of jealousy and stinginess.“The liked and the disliked, lord of gods, are the source of jealousy and stinginess.

When the liked and the disliked exist there is jealousy and stinginess.When the liked and the disliked exist there is jealousy and stinginess.When the liked and the disliked don’t exist there is no jealousy and stinginess.”When the liked and the disliked don’t exist there is no jealousy and stinginess.”“But good fellow, what is the source of what is liked and disliked?”“But good fellow, what is the source of what is liked and disliked?”

“Desire is the source of what is liked and disliked.”“Desire is the source of what is liked and disliked.”“But what is the source of desire?”“But what is the source of desire?”“Thought is the source of desire.”“Thought is the source of desire.”

“But what is the source of thought?”“But what is the source of thought?”“Judgments driven by the proliferation of perceptions are the source of thoughts.”“Judgments driven by the proliferation of perceptions are the source of thoughts.”“But how does a mendicant fittingly practice for the cessation of judgments driven by the proliferation of perceptions?”“But how does a mendicant fittingly practice for the cessation of judgments driven by the proliferation of perceptions?”

2.2. Meditation on Feelings2.2. Meditation on Feelings

“Lord of gods, there are two kinds of happiness, I say:“Lord of gods, there are two kinds of happiness, I say:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.There are two kinds of sadness, I say:There are two kinds of sadness, I say:

that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.There are two kinds of equanimity, I say:There are two kinds of equanimity, I say:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

Why did I say that there are two kinds of happiness?Why did I say that there are two kinds of happiness?Well, should you know of a happiness:Well, should you know of a happiness:‘When I cultivate this kind of happiness, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not cultivate that kind of happiness.‘When I cultivate this kind of happiness, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not cultivate that kind of happiness.

Whereas, should you know of a happiness:Whereas, should you know of a happiness:‘When I cultivate this kind of happiness, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should cultivate that kind of happiness.‘When I cultivate this kind of happiness, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should cultivate that kind of happiness.And that which is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected is better than that which still involves placing the mind and keeping it connected.And that which is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected is better than that which still involves placing the mind and keeping it connected.

That’s why I said there are two kinds of happiness.That’s why I said there are two kinds of happiness.Why did I say that there are two kinds of sadness?Why did I say that there are two kinds of sadness?Well, should you know of a sadness:Well, should you know of a sadness:

‘When I cultivate this kind of sadness, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not cultivate that kind of sadness.‘When I cultivate this kind of sadness, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not cultivate that kind of sadness.Whereas, should you know of a sadness:Whereas, should you know of a sadness:‘When I cultivate this kind of sadness, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should cultivate that kind of sadness.‘When I cultivate this kind of sadness, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should cultivate that kind of sadness.

And that which is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected is better than that which still involves placing the mind and keeping it connected.And that which is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected is better than that which still involves placing the mind and keeping it connected.That’s why I said there are two kinds of sadness.That’s why I said there are two kinds of sadness.Why did I say that there are two kinds of equanimity?Why did I say that there are two kinds of equanimity?

Well, should you know of an equanimity:Well, should you know of an equanimity:‘When I cultivate this kind of equanimity, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not cultivate that kind of equanimity.‘When I cultivate this kind of equanimity, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not cultivate that kind of equanimity.Whereas, should you know of an equanimity:Whereas, should you know of an equanimity:

‘When I cultivate this kind of equanimity, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should cultivate that kind of equanimity.‘When I cultivate this kind of equanimity, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should cultivate that kind of equanimity.And that which is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected is better than that which still involves placing the mind and keeping it connected.And that which is free of placing the mind and keeping it connected is better than that which still involves placing the mind and keeping it connected.That’s why I said there are two kinds of equanimity.That’s why I said there are two kinds of equanimity.

That’s how a mendicant fittingly practices for the cessation of judgments driven by the proliferation of perceptions.”That’s how a mendicant fittingly practices for the cessation of judgments driven by the proliferation of perceptions.”Such was the Buddha’s answer to Sakka.Such was the Buddha’s answer to Sakka.Delighted, Sakka approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, saying,Delighted, Sakka approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, saying,

“That’s so true, Blessed One! That’s so true, Holy One!“That’s so true, Blessed One! That’s so true, Holy One!Hearing the Buddha’s answer, I’ve gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision.”Hearing the Buddha’s answer, I’ve gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision.”

2.3. Restraint in the Monastic Code2.3. Restraint in the Monastic Code

And then Sakka asked another question:And then Sakka asked another question:“But good fellow, how does a mendicant practice for restraint in the monastic code?”“But good fellow, how does a mendicant practice for restraint in the monastic code?”“Lord of gods, I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior:“Lord of gods, I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior:

that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior:I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.

There are two kinds of search, I say:There are two kinds of search, I say:that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.Why did I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior?Why did I say that there are two kinds of bodily behavior?

Well, should you know of a bodily behavior:Well, should you know of a bodily behavior:‘When I cultivate this kind of bodily behavior, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not cultivate that kind of bodily conduct.‘When I cultivate this kind of bodily behavior, unskillful qualities grow, and skillful qualities decline.’ You should not cultivate that kind of bodily conduct.Whereas, should you know of a bodily behavior:Whereas, should you know of a bodily behavior:

‘When I cultivate this kind of bodily behavior, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should cultivate that kind of bodily conduct.‘When I cultivate this kind of bodily behavior, unskillful qualities decline, and skillful qualities grow.’ You should cultivate that kind of bodily conduct.That’s why I said there are two kinds of bodily behavior.That’s why I said there are two kinds of bodily behavior.Why did I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior?Why did I say that there are two kinds of verbal behavior?

Well, should you know of a kind of verbal behavior that it causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline, you should not cultivate it.Well, should you know of a kind of verbal behavior that it causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline, you should not cultivate it.Whereas, should you know of a kind of verbal behavior that it causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow, you should cultivate it.Whereas, should you know of a kind of verbal behavior that it causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow, you should cultivate it.That’s why I said there are two kinds of verbal behavior.That’s why I said there are two kinds of verbal behavior.

Why did I say that there are two kinds of search?Why did I say that there are two kinds of search?Well, should you know of a kind of search that it causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline, you should not cultivate it.Well, should you know of a kind of search that it causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline, you should not cultivate it.Whereas, should you know of a kind of search that it causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow, you should cultivate it.Whereas, should you know of a kind of search that it causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow, you should cultivate it.

That’s why I said there are two kinds of search.That’s why I said there are two kinds of search.That’s how a mendicant practices for restraint in the monastic code.”That’s how a mendicant practices for restraint in the monastic code.”Such was the Buddha’s answer to Sakka.Such was the Buddha’s answer to Sakka.

Delighted, Sakka approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, saying,Delighted, Sakka approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, saying,“That’s so true, Blessed One! That’s so true, Holy One!“That’s so true, Blessed One! That’s so true, Holy One!Hearing the Buddha’s answer, I’ve gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision.”Hearing the Buddha’s answer, I’ve gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision.”

2.4. Sense Restraint2.4. Sense Restraint

And then Sakka asked another question:And then Sakka asked another question:“But good fellow, how does a mendicant practice for restraint of the sense faculties?”“But good fellow, how does a mendicant practice for restraint of the sense faculties?”“Lord of gods, I say that there are two kinds of sight known by the eye:“Lord of gods, I say that there are two kinds of sight known by the eye:

that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.There are two kinds of sound known by the ear …There are two kinds of sound known by the ear …smells known by the nose …smells known by the nose …

tastes known by the tongue …tastes known by the tongue …touches known by the body …touches known by the body …ideas known by the mind:ideas known by the mind:

that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.”that which you should cultivate, and that which you should not cultivate.”When the Buddha said this, Sakka said to him:When the Buddha said this, Sakka said to him:“Sir, this is how I understand the detailed meaning of the Buddha’s brief statement:“Sir, this is how I understand the detailed meaning of the Buddha’s brief statement:

You should not cultivate the kind of sight known by the eye which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.You should not cultivate the kind of sight known by the eye which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.And you should cultivate the kind of sight known by the eye which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.And you should cultivate the kind of sight known by the eye which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.You should not cultivate the kind of sound,You should not cultivate the kind of sound,

smell,smell,taste,taste,touch,touch,

or idea known by the mind which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.or idea known by the mind which causes unskillful qualities to grow while skillful qualities decline.And you should cultivate the kind of idea known by the mind which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.And you should cultivate the kind of idea known by the mind which causes unskillful qualities to decline while skillful qualities grow.Sir, that’s how I understand the detailed meaning of the Buddha’s brief statement.Sir, that’s how I understand the detailed meaning of the Buddha’s brief statement.

Hearing the Buddha’s answer, I’ve gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision.”Hearing the Buddha’s answer, I’ve gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision.”And then Sakka asked another question:And then Sakka asked another question:“Good fellow, do all ascetics and brahmins have a single doctrine, ethics, desire, and attachment?”“Good fellow, do all ascetics and brahmins have a single doctrine, ethics, desire, and attachment?”

“No, lord of gods, they do not.”“No, lord of gods, they do not.”“Why not?”“Why not?”“The world has many and diverse elements.“The world has many and diverse elements.

Whatever element sentient beings insist on in this world of many and diverse elements, they obstinately stick to it, insisting that:Whatever element sentient beings insist on in this world of many and diverse elements, they obstinately stick to it, insisting that:‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’‘This is the only truth, anything else is futile.’That’s why not all ascetics and brahmins have a single doctrine, ethics, desire, and attachment.”That’s why not all ascetics and brahmins have a single doctrine, ethics, desire, and attachment.”

“Good fellow, have all ascetics and brahmins reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal?”“Good fellow, have all ascetics and brahmins reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal?”“No, lord of gods, they have not.”“No, lord of gods, they have not.”“Why not?”“Why not?”

“Those mendicants who are freed through the ending of craving have reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal.“Those mendicants who are freed through the ending of craving have reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal.That’s why not all ascetics and brahmins have reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal.”That’s why not all ascetics and brahmins have reached the ultimate end, the ultimate sanctuary from the yoke, the ultimate spiritual life, the ultimate goal.”Such was the Buddha’s answer to Sakka.Such was the Buddha’s answer to Sakka.

Delighted, Sakka approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, saying,Delighted, Sakka approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, saying,