长部第 2 经（Sujato 英译）第 3 阅读页 · The Fruits of the Ascetic Life · 3/5

Well then, I’ll ask you about this in return, and you can answer as you like.Well then, I’ll ask you about this in return, and you can answer as you like.What do you think, Great King?What do you think, Great King?Suppose you had a person who was a farmer, a householder, a hard worker, someone who builds up their capital.Suppose you had a person who was a farmer, a householder, a hard worker, someone who builds up their capital.

They’d think:They’d think:‘The outcome and result of good deeds is just so incredible, so amazing!‘The outcome and result of good deeds is just so incredible, so amazing!For this King Ajātasattu is a human being, and so am I.For this King Ajātasattu is a human being, and so am I.

Yet he amuses himself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation as if he were a god.Yet he amuses himself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation as if he were a god.Whereas I’m a farmer, a householder, a hard worker, someone who builds up their capital.Whereas I’m a farmer, a householder, a hard worker, someone who builds up their capital.I really should do good deeds.I really should do good deeds.

Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’After some time they give up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. They’d shave off hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.After some time they give up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. They’d shave off hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.Having gone forth they’d live restrained in body, speech, and mind, living content with nothing more than food and clothes, delighting in seclusion.Having gone forth they’d live restrained in body, speech, and mind, living content with nothing more than food and clothes, delighting in seclusion.

And suppose your men were to report all this to you.And suppose your men were to report all this to you.Would you say to them:Would you say to them:‘Bring that person to me! Let them once more be a farmer, a householder, a hard worker, someone who builds up their capital’?”‘Bring that person to me! Let them once more be a farmer, a householder, a hard worker, someone who builds up their capital’?”

“No, sir.“No, sir.Rather, I would bow to them, rise in their presence, and offer them a seat. I’d invite them to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And I’d organize their lawful guarding and protection.”Rather, I would bow to them, rise in their presence, and offer them a seat. I’d invite them to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And I’d organize their lawful guarding and protection.”“What do you think, Great King?“What do you think, Great King?

If this is so, is there a fruit of the ascetic life apparent in the present life or not?”If this is so, is there a fruit of the ascetic life apparent in the present life or not?”“Clearly, sir, there is.”“Clearly, sir, there is.”“This is the second fruit of the ascetic life that’s apparent in this very life, which I point out to you.”“This is the second fruit of the ascetic life that’s apparent in this very life, which I point out to you.”

4.3. The Finer Fruits of the Ascetic Life4.3. The Finer Fruits of the Ascetic Life

“But sir, can you point out a fruit of the ascetic life that’s apparent in this very life which is better and finer than these?”“But sir, can you point out a fruit of the ascetic life that’s apparent in this very life which is better and finer than these?”“I can, Great King.“I can, Great King.Well then, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”Well then, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”

“Yes, sir,” replied the king.“Yes, sir,” replied the king.The Buddha said this:The Buddha said this:“Consider when a Realized One arises in the world, perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.“Consider when a Realized One arises in the world, perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.

He has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras, and divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others.He has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras, and divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others.He teaches Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure.He teaches Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure.

A householder hears that teaching, or a householder’s child, or someone reborn in a good family.A householder hears that teaching, or a householder’s child, or someone reborn in a good family.They gain faith in the Realized OneThey gain faith in the Realized Oneand reflect:and reflect:

‘Life at home is cramped and dirty, life gone forth is wide open.‘Life at home is cramped and dirty, life gone forth is wide open.It’s not easy for someone living at home to lead the spiritual life utterly full and pure, like a polished shell.It’s not easy for someone living at home to lead the spiritual life utterly full and pure, like a polished shell.Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’

After some time they give up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. They shave off hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.After some time they give up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. They shave off hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.Once they’ve gone forth, they live restrained in the monastic code, conducting themselves well and resorting for alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, they keep the rules they’ve undertaken. They act skillfully by body and speech. They’re purified in livelihood and accomplished in ethical conduct. They guard the sense doors, have mindfulness and situational awareness, and are content.Once they’ve gone forth, they live restrained in the monastic code, conducting themselves well and resorting for alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, they keep the rules they’ve undertaken. They act skillfully by body and speech. They’re purified in livelihood and accomplished in ethical conduct. They guard the sense doors, have mindfulness and situational awareness, and are content.

4.3.1. Ethics4.3.1. Ethics4.3.1.1. The Shorter Section on Ethics4.3.1.1. The Shorter Section on Ethics

And how, Great King, is a mendicant accomplished in ethics?And how, Great King, is a mendicant accomplished in ethics?It’s when a mendicant gives up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.It’s when a mendicant gives up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.

They give up stealing. They take only what’s given, and expect only what’s given. They keep themselves clean by not thieving.They give up stealing. They take only what’s given, and expect only what’s given. They keep themselves clean by not thieving.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.They give up unchastity. They are chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.They give up unchastity. They are chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.

This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.They give up lying. They speak the truth and stick to the truth. They’re honest and dependable, and don’t trick the world with their words.They give up lying. They speak the truth and stick to the truth. They’re honest and dependable, and don’t trick the world with their words.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.

They give up backbiting. They don’t repeat in one place what they heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, they reconcile those who are divided and support those who are united, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.They give up backbiting. They don’t repeat in one place what they heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, they reconcile those who are divided and support those who are united, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.They give up harsh speech. They speak in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, endearing, going to the heart, polite, and likable and agreeable to the people.They give up harsh speech. They speak in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, endearing, going to the heart, polite, and likable and agreeable to the people.

This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.They give up talking nonsense. Their words are timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. They say things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.They give up talking nonsense. Their words are timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. They say things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.

They refrain from injuring plants and seeds.They refrain from injuring plants and seeds.They eat in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and food at the wrong time.They eat in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and food at the wrong time.They refrain from seeing shows of dancing, singing, and music.They refrain from seeing shows of dancing, singing, and music.

They refrain from attiring and adorning themselves with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.They refrain from attiring and adorning themselves with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.They refrain from high and luxurious beds.They refrain from high and luxurious beds.They refrain from receiving gold and currency,They refrain from receiving gold and currency,

raw grains,raw grains,raw meat,raw meat,women and girls,women and girls,

male and female bondservants,male and female bondservants,goats and sheep,goats and sheep,chickens and pigs,chickens and pigs,

elephants, cows, horses, and mares,elephants, cows, horses, and mares,and fields and land.and fields and land.They refrain from running errands and messages;They refrain from running errands and messages;

buying and selling;buying and selling;falsifying weights, metals, or measures;falsifying weights, metals, or measures;bribery, fraud, cheating, and duplicity;bribery, fraud, cheating, and duplicity;

mutilation, murder, abduction, banditry, plunder, and violence.mutilation, murder, abduction, banditry, plunder, and violence.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.The shorter section on ethics is complete.The shorter section on ethics is complete.

4.3.1.2. The Middle Section on Ethics4.3.1.2. The Middle Section on Ethics

There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in injuring plants and seeds.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in injuring plants and seeds.These include plants propagated from roots, trunks, cuttings, or joints; and those from regular seeds as the fifth. They refrain from such injury to plants and seeds.These include plants propagated from roots, trunks, cuttings, or joints; and those from regular seeds as the fifth. They refrain from such injury to plants and seeds.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.

There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in storing up goods for their own use.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in storing up goods for their own use.This includes such things as food, drink, clothes, vehicles, bedding, fragrance, and things of the flesh.This includes such things as food, drink, clothes, vehicles, bedding, fragrance, and things of the flesh.They refrain from storing up such goods.They refrain from storing up such goods.

This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in seeing shows.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in seeing shows.This includes such things as dancing, singing, music, performances, and storytelling; clapping, gongs, and kettledrums; beauty pageants; pole-acrobatics and bone-washing displays of the corpse-workers; battles of elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, goats, rams, chickens, and quails; staff-fights, boxing, and wrestling; combat, roll calls of the armed forces, battle-formations, and regimental reviews.This includes such things as dancing, singing, music, performances, and storytelling; clapping, gongs, and kettledrums; beauty pageants; pole-acrobatics and bone-washing displays of the corpse-workers; battles of elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, goats, rams, chickens, and quails; staff-fights, boxing, and wrestling; combat, roll calls of the armed forces, battle-formations, and regimental reviews.

They refrain from such shows.They refrain from such shows.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in gambling that causes negligence.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in gambling that causes negligence.

This includes such things as checkers with eight or ten rows, checkers in the air, hopscotch, spillikins, board-games, tip-cat, drawing straws, dice, leaf-flutes, toy plows, somersaults, pinwheels, toy measures, toy carts, toy bows, guessing words from syllables, guessing another’s thoughts, and imitating musical instruments.This includes such things as checkers with eight or ten rows, checkers in the air, hopscotch, spillikins, board-games, tip-cat, drawing straws, dice, leaf-flutes, toy plows, somersaults, pinwheels, toy measures, toy carts, toy bows, guessing words from syllables, guessing another’s thoughts, and imitating musical instruments.They refrain from such gambling.They refrain from such gambling.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.

There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still make use of high and luxurious bedding.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still make use of high and luxurious bedding.This includes such things as sofas, couches, woolen covers—shag-piled, colorful, white, embroidered with flowers, quilted, embroidered with animals, double or single fringed—and silk covers studded with gems, as well as silken sheets, wollen carpets, rugs for elephants, horses, or chariots, black antelope hides and woven rugs, and spreads of fine deer hide, with a canopy above and red cushions at both ends.This includes such things as sofas, couches, woolen covers—shag-piled, colorful, white, embroidered with flowers, quilted, embroidered with animals, double or single fringed—and silk covers studded with gems, as well as silken sheets, wollen carpets, rugs for elephants, horses, or chariots, black antelope hides and woven rugs, and spreads of fine deer hide, with a canopy above and red cushions at both ends.

They refrain from such bedding.They refrain from such bedding.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in attiring and adorning themselves with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in attiring and adorning themselves with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.

This includes such things as applying beauty products by anointing, massaging, bathing, and rubbing; mirrors, ointments, garlands, fragrances, and makeup; face-powder, foundation, bracelets, headbands, fancy walking-sticks or containers, rapiers, parasols, fancy sandals, turbans, jewelry, chowries, and long-fringed white robes.This includes such things as applying beauty products by anointing, massaging, bathing, and rubbing; mirrors, ointments, garlands, fragrances, and makeup; face-powder, foundation, bracelets, headbands, fancy walking-sticks or containers, rapiers, parasols, fancy sandals, turbans, jewelry, chowries, and long-fringed white robes.They refrain from such attirement and adornment.They refrain from such attirement and adornment.

This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in low talk.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in low talk.This includes such topics as talk about kings, bandits, and chief ministers; talk about armies, threats, and wars; talk about food, drink, clothes, and beds; talk about garlands and fragrances; talk about family, vehicles, villages, towns, cities, and countries; talk about women and heroes; talk at the street market and the place for water pots; talk about the departed; motley talk; tales of land and sea; and talk about being reborn in this or that place.This includes such topics as talk about kings, bandits, and chief ministers; talk about armies, threats, and wars; talk about food, drink, clothes, and beds; talk about garlands and fragrances; talk about family, vehicles, villages, towns, cities, and countries; talk about women and heroes; talk at the street market and the place for water pots; talk about the departed; motley talk; tales of land and sea; and talk about being reborn in this or that place.

They refrain from such low talk.They refrain from such low talk.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in arguments.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in arguments.

They say such things as: ‘You don’t understand this teaching and training. I understand this teaching and training. What, you understand this teaching and training? You’re practicing wrong. I’m practicing right. I stay on topic, you don’t. You said last what you should have said first. You said first what you should have said last. What you’ve thought so much about has been disproved. Your doctrine is refuted. Go on, save your doctrine! You’re trapped; get yourself out of this—if you can!’They say such things as: ‘You don’t understand this teaching and training. I understand this teaching and training. What, you understand this teaching and training? You’re practicing wrong. I’m practicing right. I stay on topic, you don’t. You said last what you should have said first. You said first what you should have said last. What you’ve thought so much about has been disproved. Your doctrine is refuted. Go on, save your doctrine! You’re trapped; get yourself out of this—if you can!’

They refrain from such argumentative talk.They refrain from such argumentative talk.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in running errands and messages.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in running errands and messages.

This includes running errands for rulers, ministers, aristocrats, brahmins, householders, or princes who say: ‘Go here, go there. Take this, bring that from there.’This includes running errands for rulers, ministers, aristocrats, brahmins, householders, or princes who say: ‘Go here, go there. Take this, bring that from there.’They refrain from such errands.They refrain from such errands.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.

There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in fawning, flattery, hinting, and belittling, and using material things to chase after other material things. They refrain from such fraud and flattery.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in fawning, flattery, hinting, and belittling, and using material things to chase after other material things. They refrain from such fraud and flattery.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.The middle section on ethics is complete.The middle section on ethics is complete.

4.3.1.3. The Long Section on Ethics4.3.1.3. The Long Section on Ethics

There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still earn a living by low lore, by wrong livelihood.There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still earn a living by low lore, by wrong livelihood.This includes such fields as augury, omenology, divining portents, interpreting dreams, divining features of men and women, divining holes in cloth gnawed by mice, fire offerings, ladle offerings, offerings of husks, rice powder, rice, ghee, or oil; offerings from the mouth, blood sacrifices, limb-reading; geomancy for building sites, fields, and cemeteries; exorcisms, earth magic, snake charming, poisons; the lore of the scorpion, the rat, the bird, and the crow; prophesying lifespan, chanting for protection, and divining omens from wild animals.This includes such fields as augury, omenology, divining portents, interpreting dreams, divining features of men and women, divining holes in cloth gnawed by mice, fire offerings, ladle offerings, offerings of husks, rice powder, rice, ghee, or oil; offerings from the mouth, blood sacrifices, limb-reading; geomancy for building sites, fields, and cemeteries; exorcisms, earth magic, snake charming, poisons; the lore of the scorpion, the rat, the bird, and the crow; prophesying lifespan, chanting for protection, and divining omens from wild animals.

They refrain from such low lore, such wrong livelihood.They refrain from such low lore, such wrong livelihood.This pertains to their ethics.This pertains to their ethics.