长部第 15 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Great Discourse on Causation · 1/3

Long Discourses 15Long Discourses 15The Great Discourse on CausationThe Great Discourse on Causation1. Dependent Origination1. Dependent Origination

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Kurus, near the Kuru town named Kammāsadamma.At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Kurus, near the Kuru town named Kammāsadamma.Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him,Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him,

“It’s incredible, sir, it’s amazing,“It’s incredible, sir, it’s amazing,in that this dependent origination is deep and appears deep, yet to me it seems as plain as can be.”in that this dependent origination is deep and appears deep, yet to me it seems as plain as can be.”“Don’t say that, Ānanda, don’t say that!“Don’t say that, Ānanda, don’t say that!

This dependent origination is deep and appears deep.This dependent origination is deep and appears deep.It is because of not understanding and not penetrating this teaching that this population has become tangled like string, knotted like a ball of thread, and matted like rushes and reeds, and it doesn’t escape the places of loss, the bad places, the underworld, transmigration.It is because of not understanding and not penetrating this teaching that this population has become tangled like string, knotted like a ball of thread, and matted like rushes and reeds, and it doesn’t escape the places of loss, the bad places, the underworld, transmigration.When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for old age and death?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for old age and death?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’

If they say, ‘What is a requirement for old age and death?’ you should answer, ‘Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for old age and death?’ you should answer, ‘Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for rebirth?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for rebirth?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for rebirth?’ you should answer, ‘Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for rebirth?’ you should answer, ‘Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth.’

When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for continued existence?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for continued existence?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for continued existence?’ you should answer, ‘Grasping is a requirement for continued existence.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for continued existence?’ you should answer, ‘Grasping is a requirement for continued existence.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for grasping?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for grasping?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’

If they say, ‘What is a requirement for grasping?’ you should answer, ‘Craving is a requirement for grasping.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for grasping?’ you should answer, ‘Craving is a requirement for grasping.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for craving?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for craving?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for craving?’ you should answer, ‘Feeling is a requirement for craving.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for craving?’ you should answer, ‘Feeling is a requirement for craving.’

When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for feeling?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for feeling?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for feeling?’ you should answer, ‘Contact is a requirement for feeling.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for feeling?’ you should answer, ‘Contact is a requirement for feeling.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for contact?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for contact?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’

If they say, ‘What is a requirement for contact?’ you should answer, ‘Name and form are requirements for contact.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for contact?’ you should answer, ‘Name and form are requirements for contact.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for name and form?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for name and form?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for name and form?’ you should answer, ‘Consciousness is a requirement for name and form.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for name and form?’ you should answer, ‘Consciousness is a requirement for name and form.’

When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for consciousness?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’When asked, ‘Is there a specific condition for consciousness?’ you should answer, ‘There is.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for consciousness?’ you should answer, ‘Name and form are requirements for consciousness.’If they say, ‘What is a requirement for consciousness?’ you should answer, ‘Name and form are requirements for consciousness.’So: name and form are requirements for consciousness. Consciousness is a requirement for name and form. Name and form are requirements for contact. Contact is a requirement for feeling. Feeling is a requirement for craving. Craving is a requirement for grasping. Grasping is a requirement for continued existence. Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth. Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress to come to be.So: name and form are requirements for consciousness. Consciousness is a requirement for name and form. Name and form are requirements for contact. Contact is a requirement for feeling. Feeling is a requirement for craving. Craving is a requirement for grasping. Grasping is a requirement for continued existence. Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth. Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress to come to be.

That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.‘Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no rebirth for anyone anywhere.Suppose there were totally and utterly no rebirth for anyone anywhere.

That is, there were no rebirth of sentient beings into their various realms—of gods, centaurs, spirits, creatures, humans, quadrupeds, birds, or reptiles, each into their own realm. When there’s no rebirth at all, with the cessation of rebirth, would old age and death still be found?”That is, there were no rebirth of sentient beings into their various realms—of gods, centaurs, spirits, creatures, humans, quadrupeds, birds, or reptiles, each into their own realm. When there’s no rebirth at all, with the cessation of rebirth, would old age and death still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of old age and death, namely rebirth.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of old age and death, namely rebirth.

‘Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no continued existence for anyone anywhere.Suppose there were totally and utterly no continued existence for anyone anywhere.That is, continued existence in the sensual realm, the realm of luminous form, or the formless realm. When there’s no continued existence at all, with the cessation of continued existence, would rebirth still be found?”That is, continued existence in the sensual realm, the realm of luminous form, or the formless realm. When there’s no continued existence at all, with the cessation of continued existence, would rebirth still be found?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of rebirth, namely continued existence.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of rebirth, namely continued existence.‘Grasping is a requirement for continued existence’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Grasping is a requirement for continued existence’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.

Suppose there were totally and utterly no grasping for anyone anywhere.Suppose there were totally and utterly no grasping for anyone anywhere.That is, grasping at sensual pleasures, views, precepts and observances, and theories of a self. When there’s no grasping at all, with the cessation of grasping, would continued existence still be found?”That is, grasping at sensual pleasures, views, precepts and observances, and theories of a self. When there’s no grasping at all, with the cessation of grasping, would continued existence still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”

“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of continued existence, namely grasping.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of continued existence, namely grasping.‘Craving is a requirement for grasping’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Craving is a requirement for grasping’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no craving for anyone anywhere.Suppose there were totally and utterly no craving for anyone anywhere.

That is, craving for sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and ideas. When there’s no craving at all, with the cessation of craving, would grasping still be found?”That is, craving for sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and ideas. When there’s no craving at all, with the cessation of craving, would grasping still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of grasping, namely craving.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of grasping, namely craving.

‘Feeling is a requirement for craving’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Feeling is a requirement for craving’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no feeling for anyone anywhere.Suppose there were totally and utterly no feeling for anyone anywhere.That is, feeling born of contact through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind. When there’s no feeling at all, with the cessation of feeling, would craving still be found?”That is, feeling born of contact through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind. When there’s no feeling at all, with the cessation of feeling, would craving still be found?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of craving, namely feeling.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of craving, namely feeling.So it is, Ānanda, that feeling gives rise to craving. Craving gives rise to searching. Searching gives rise to gaining material things. Gaining material things gives rise to evaluation. Evaluation gives rise to desire and lust. Desire and lust gives rise to attachment. Attachment gives rise to ownership. Ownership gives rise to stinginess. Stinginess gives rise to safeguarding.So it is, Ānanda, that feeling gives rise to craving. Craving gives rise to searching. Searching gives rise to gaining material things. Gaining material things gives rise to evaluation. Evaluation gives rise to desire and lust. Desire and lust gives rise to attachment. Attachment gives rise to ownership. Ownership gives rise to stinginess. Stinginess gives rise to safeguarding.

Owing to safeguarding, many bad, unskillful things come to be: taking up the rod and the sword, quarrels, arguments, and disputes, accusations, backbiting, and lies.Owing to safeguarding, many bad, unskillful things come to be: taking up the rod and the sword, quarrels, arguments, and disputes, accusations, backbiting, and lies.‘Owing to safeguarding, many bad, unskillful things come to be: taking up the rod and the sword, quarrels, arguments, and disputes, accusations, backbiting, and lies’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Owing to safeguarding, many bad, unskillful things come to be: taking up the rod and the sword, quarrels, arguments, and disputes, accusations, backbiting, and lies’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.

Suppose there were totally and utterly no safeguarding for anyone anywhere. When there’s no safeguarding at all, with the cessation of safeguarding, would those many bad, unskillful things still come to be?”Suppose there were totally and utterly no safeguarding for anyone anywhere. When there’s no safeguarding at all, with the cessation of safeguarding, would those many bad, unskillful things still come to be?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason for the origination of those many bad, unskillful things, namely safeguarding.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason for the origination of those many bad, unskillful things, namely safeguarding.

‘Stinginess gives rise to safeguarding’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Stinginess gives rise to safeguarding’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no stinginess for anyone anywhere. When there’s no stinginess at all, with the cessation of stinginess, would safeguarding still be found?”Suppose there were totally and utterly no stinginess for anyone anywhere. When there’s no stinginess at all, with the cessation of stinginess, would safeguarding still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”

“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of safeguarding, namely stinginess.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of safeguarding, namely stinginess.‘Ownership gives rise to stinginess’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Ownership gives rise to stinginess’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no ownership for anyone anywhere. When there’s no ownership at all, with the cessation of ownership, would stinginess still be found?”Suppose there were totally and utterly no ownership for anyone anywhere. When there’s no ownership at all, with the cessation of ownership, would stinginess still be found?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of stinginess, namely ownership.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of stinginess, namely ownership.‘Attachment gives rise to ownership’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Attachment gives rise to ownership’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.

Suppose there were totally and utterly no attachment for anyone anywhere. When there’s no attachment at all, with the cessation of attachment, would ownership still be found?”Suppose there were totally and utterly no attachment for anyone anywhere. When there’s no attachment at all, with the cessation of attachment, would ownership still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of ownership, namely attachment.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of ownership, namely attachment.

‘Desire and lust gives rise to attachment’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Desire and lust gives rise to attachment’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no desire and lust for anyone anywhere. When there’s no desire and lust at all, with the cessation of desire and lust, would attachment still be found?”Suppose there were totally and utterly no desire and lust for anyone anywhere. When there’s no desire and lust at all, with the cessation of desire and lust, would attachment still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”

“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of attachment, namely desire and lust.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of attachment, namely desire and lust.Evaluation gives rise to desire and lust’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Evaluation gives rise to desire and lust’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no evaluation for anyone anywhere. When there’s no evaluation at all, with the cessation of evaluation, would desire and lust still be found?”Suppose there were totally and utterly no evaluation for anyone anywhere. When there’s no evaluation at all, with the cessation of evaluation, would desire and lust still be found?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of desire and lust, namely evaluation.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of desire and lust, namely evaluation.‘Gaining material things gives rise to evaluation’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Gaining material things gives rise to evaluation’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.

Suppose there were totally and utterly no gaining of material things for anyone anywhere. When there’s no gaining of material things at all, with the cessation of gaining material things, would evaluation still be found?”Suppose there were totally and utterly no gaining of material things for anyone anywhere. When there’s no gaining of material things at all, with the cessation of gaining material things, would evaluation still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of evaluation, namely the gaining of material things.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of evaluation, namely the gaining of material things.

‘Searching gives rise to gaining material things’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Searching gives rise to gaining material things’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no searching for anyone anywhere. When there’s no searching at all, with the cessation of searching, would the gaining of material things still be found?”Suppose there were totally and utterly no searching for anyone anywhere. When there’s no searching at all, with the cessation of searching, would the gaining of material things still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”

“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of gaining material things, namely searching.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of gaining material things, namely searching.‘Craving gives rise to searching’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Craving gives rise to searching’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no craving for anyone anywhere.Suppose there were totally and utterly no craving for anyone anywhere.

That is, craving for sensual pleasures, craving for continued existence, and craving for nonexistence. When there’s no craving at all, with the cessation of craving, would searching still be found?”That is, craving for sensual pleasures, craving for continued existence, and craving for nonexistence. When there’s no craving at all, with the cessation of craving, would searching still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of searching, namely craving.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of searching, namely craving.

And so, Ānanda, these two things meet at the two aspects of feeling.And so, Ānanda, these two things meet at the two aspects of feeling.‘Contact is a requirement for feeling’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Contact is a requirement for feeling’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were totally and utterly no contact for anyone anywhere.Suppose there were totally and utterly no contact for anyone anywhere.

That is, contact through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind. When there’s no contact at all, with the cessation of contact, would feeling still be found?”That is, contact through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind. When there’s no contact at all, with the cessation of contact, would feeling still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of feeling, namely contact.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of feeling, namely contact.

‘Name and form are requirements for contact’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Name and form are requirements for contact’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.Suppose there were none of the features, attributes, signs, and details by which the set of mental phenomena known as name is found. Would labeling contact still be found in the set of physical phenomena?”Suppose there were none of the features, attributes, signs, and details by which the set of mental phenomena known as name is found. Would labeling contact still be found in the set of physical phenomena?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”

“Suppose there were none of the features, attributes, signs, and details by which the set of physical phenomena known as form is found. Would impingement contact still be found in the set of mental phenomena?”“Suppose there were none of the features, attributes, signs, and details by which the set of physical phenomena known as form is found. Would impingement contact still be found in the set of mental phenomena?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“Suppose there were none of the features, attributes, signs, and details by which the set of phenomena known as name and the set of phenomena known as form are found. Would either labeling contact or impingement contact still be found?”“Suppose there were none of the features, attributes, signs, and details by which the set of phenomena known as name and the set of phenomena known as form are found. Would either labeling contact or impingement contact still be found?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“Suppose there were none of the features, attributes, signs, and details by which name and form are found. Would contact still be found?”“Suppose there were none of the features, attributes, signs, and details by which name and form are found. Would contact still be found?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”

“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of contact, namely name and form.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of contact, namely name and form.‘Consciousness is a requirement for name and form’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Consciousness is a requirement for name and form’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.If consciousness were not conceived in the mother’s womb, would name and form coagulate there?”If consciousness were not conceived in the mother’s womb, would name and form coagulate there?”

“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“If consciousness, after being conceived in the mother’s womb, were to be miscarried, would name and form be born into this place?”“If consciousness, after being conceived in the mother’s womb, were to be miscarried, would name and form be born into this place?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”

“If the consciousness of a young boy or girl were to be cut off, would name and form achieve growth, increase, and maturity?”“If the consciousness of a young boy or girl were to be cut off, would name and form achieve growth, increase, and maturity?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of name and form, namely consciousness.“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of name and form, namely consciousness.

‘Name and form are requirements for consciousness’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.‘Name and form are requirements for consciousness’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so.