长部第 1 经（Sujato 英译）第 1 阅读页 · The Divine Net · 1/6

Long Discourses 1Long Discourses 1The Divine NetThe Divine Net1. Talk on Wanderers1. Talk on Wanderers

So I have heard.So I have heard.At one time the Buddha was traveling along the road between Rājagaha and Nāḷandā together with a large Saṅgha of five hundred mendicants.At one time the Buddha was traveling along the road between Rājagaha and Nāḷandā together with a large Saṅgha of five hundred mendicants.The wanderer Suppiya was also traveling along the same road, together with his resident pupil, the student Brahmadatta.The wanderer Suppiya was also traveling along the same road, together with his resident pupil, the student Brahmadatta.

Meanwhile, Suppiya criticized the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in many ways,Meanwhile, Suppiya criticized the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in many ways,but his pupil Brahmadatta praised them in many ways.but his pupil Brahmadatta praised them in many ways.And so both tutor and pupil followed behind the Buddha and the Saṅgha of mendicants directly contradicting each other.And so both tutor and pupil followed behind the Buddha and the Saṅgha of mendicants directly contradicting each other.

Then the Buddha took up residence for the night in the royal rest-house in Ambalaṭṭhikā together with the Saṅgha of mendicants.Then the Buddha took up residence for the night in the royal rest-house in Ambalaṭṭhikā together with the Saṅgha of mendicants.And Suppiya and Brahmadatta did likewise.And Suppiya and Brahmadatta did likewise.There too, Suppiya criticized the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in many ways,There too, Suppiya criticized the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in many ways,

but his pupil Brahmadatta praised them in many ways.but his pupil Brahmadatta praised them in many ways.And so both tutor and pupil kept on directly contradicting each other.And so both tutor and pupil kept on directly contradicting each other.Then several mendicants rose at the crack of dawn and sat together in the pavilion, where the topic of judgmentalism came up:Then several mendicants rose at the crack of dawn and sat together in the pavilion, where the topic of judgmentalism came up:

“It’s incredible, reverends, it’s amazing how the diverse convictions of sentient beings have been well deciphered by the Blessed One, who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.“It’s incredible, reverends, it’s amazing how the diverse convictions of sentient beings have been well deciphered by the Blessed One, who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha.For this Suppiya criticizes the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in many ways,For this Suppiya criticizes the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha in many ways,while his pupil Brahmadatta praises them in many ways.while his pupil Brahmadatta praises them in many ways.

And so both tutor and pupil followed behind the Buddha and the Saṅgha of mendicants directly contradicting each other.”And so both tutor and pupil followed behind the Buddha and the Saṅgha of mendicants directly contradicting each other.”When the Buddha found out about this discussion on judgmentalism among the mendicants, he went to the pavilion, where he sat on the seat spread out and addressed the mendicants:When the Buddha found out about this discussion on judgmentalism among the mendicants, he went to the pavilion, where he sat on the seat spread out and addressed the mendicants:“Mendicants, what were you sitting talking about just now? What conversation was left unfinished?”“Mendicants, what were you sitting talking about just now? What conversation was left unfinished?”

The mendicants told him what had happened, adding,The mendicants told him what had happened, adding,“This was our conversation that was unfinished when the Buddha arrived.”“This was our conversation that was unfinished when the Buddha arrived.”“Mendicants, if others criticize me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, don’t make yourselves resentful, bitter, and exasperated.“Mendicants, if others criticize me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, don’t make yourselves resentful, bitter, and exasperated.

You’ll get angry and upset, which would be an obstacle for you alone.You’ll get angry and upset, which would be an obstacle for you alone.If others were to criticize me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, and you got angry and upset, would you be able to understand whether they spoke well or poorly?”If others were to criticize me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, and you got angry and upset, would you be able to understand whether they spoke well or poorly?”“No, sir.”“No, sir.”

“If others criticize me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, you should explain that what is untrue is in fact untrue:“If others criticize me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, you should explain that what is untrue is in fact untrue:‘This is why that’s untrue, this is why that’s false. There’s no such thing in us, it’s not found among us.’‘This is why that’s untrue, this is why that’s false. There’s no such thing in us, it’s not found among us.’If others praise me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, don’t make yourselves thrilled, elated, and excited.If others praise me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, don’t make yourselves thrilled, elated, and excited.

You’ll get thrilled, elated, and excited, which would be an obstacle for you alone.You’ll get thrilled, elated, and excited, which would be an obstacle for you alone.If others praise me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, you should admit that what is true is in fact true:If others praise me, the teaching, or the Saṅgha, you should admit that what is true is in fact true:‘This is why that’s true, this is why that’s correct. There is such a thing in us, it is found among us.’‘This is why that’s true, this is why that’s correct. There is such a thing in us, it is found among us.’

2. Ethics2. Ethics2.1. The Shorter Section on Ethics2.1. The Shorter Section on Ethics

When an ordinary person speaks praise of the Realized One, they speak only of trivial, trifling details of mere ethics.When an ordinary person speaks praise of the Realized One, they speak only of trivial, trifling details of mere ethics.And what are the trivial, trifling details of mere ethics that an ordinary person speaks of?And what are the trivial, trifling details of mere ethics that an ordinary person speaks of?‘The ascetic Gotama has given up killing living creatures. He has renounced the rod and the sword. He’s scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.’‘The ascetic Gotama has given up killing living creatures. He has renounced the rod and the sword. He’s scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.’

Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘The ascetic Gotama has given up stealing. He takes only what’s given, and expects only what’s given. He keeps himself clean by not thieving.’‘The ascetic Gotama has given up stealing. He takes only what’s given, and expects only what’s given. He keeps himself clean by not thieving.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.

‘The ascetic Gotama has given up unchastity. He is chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.’‘The ascetic Gotama has given up unchastity. He is chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘The ascetic Gotama has given up lying. He speaks the truth and sticks to the truth. He’s honest and dependable, and doesn’t trick the world with his words.’‘The ascetic Gotama has given up lying. He speaks the truth and sticks to the truth. He’s honest and dependable, and doesn’t trick the world with his words.’

Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘The ascetic Gotama has given up backbiting. He doesn’t repeat in one place what he heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, he reconciles those who are divided and support those who are united, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.’‘The ascetic Gotama has given up backbiting. He doesn’t repeat in one place what he heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, he reconciles those who are divided and support those who are united, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.

‘The ascetic Gotama has given up harsh speech. He speaks in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, endearing, going to the heart, polite, and likable and agreeable to the people.’‘The ascetic Gotama has given up harsh speech. He speaks in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, endearing, going to the heart, polite, and likable and agreeable to the people.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘The ascetic Gotama has given up talking nonsense. His words are timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. He says things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.’‘The ascetic Gotama has given up talking nonsense. His words are timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. He says things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.’

Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘The ascetic Gotama refrains from injuring plants and seeds.’‘The ascetic Gotama refrains from injuring plants and seeds.’‘He eats in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and food at the wrong time.’‘He eats in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and food at the wrong time.’

‘He refrains from seeing shows of dancing, singing, and music.’‘He refrains from seeing shows of dancing, singing, and music.’‘He refrains from attiring and adorning himself with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.’‘He refrains from attiring and adorning himself with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.’‘He refrains from high and luxurious beds.’‘He refrains from high and luxurious beds.’

‘He refrains from receiving gold and currency,‘He refrains from receiving gold and currency,raw grains,raw grains,raw meat,raw meat,

women and girls,women and girls,male and female bondservants,male and female bondservants,goats and sheep,goats and sheep,

chickens and pigs,chickens and pigs,elephants, cows, horses, and mares,elephants, cows, horses, and mares,and fields and land.’and fields and land.’

‘He refrains from running errands and messages;‘He refrains from running errands and messages;buying and selling;buying and selling;falsifying weights, metals, or measures;falsifying weights, metals, or measures;

bribery, fraud, cheating, and duplicity;bribery, fraud, cheating, and duplicity;mutilation, murder, abduction, banditry, plunder, and violence.’mutilation, murder, abduction, banditry, plunder, and violence.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.

The shorter section on ethics is complete.The shorter section on ethics is complete.

2.2. The Middle Section on Ethics2.2. The Middle Section on Ethics

‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in injuring plants and seeds.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in injuring plants and seeds.These include plants propagated from roots, trunks, cuttings, or joints; and those from regular seeds as the fifth.These include plants propagated from roots, trunks, cuttings, or joints; and those from regular seeds as the fifth.The ascetic Gotama refrains from such injury to plants and seeds.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such injury to plants and seeds.’

Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in storing up goods for their own use.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in storing up goods for their own use.This includes such things as food, drink, clothes, vehicles, bedding, fragrance, and things of the flesh.This includes such things as food, drink, clothes, vehicles, bedding, fragrance, and things of the flesh.

The ascetic Gotama refrains from storing up such goods.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from storing up such goods.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in seeing shows.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in seeing shows.

This includes such things as dancing, singing, music, performances, and storytelling; clapping, gongs, and kettledrums; beauty pageants; pole-acrobatics and bone-washing displays of the corpse-workers; battles of elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, goats, rams, chickens, and quails; staff-fights, boxing, and wrestling; combat, roll calls of the armed forces, battle-formations, and regimental reviews.This includes such things as dancing, singing, music, performances, and storytelling; clapping, gongs, and kettledrums; beauty pageants; pole-acrobatics and bone-washing displays of the corpse-workers; battles of elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, goats, rams, chickens, and quails; staff-fights, boxing, and wrestling; combat, roll calls of the armed forces, battle-formations, and regimental reviews.

The ascetic Gotama refrains from such shows.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such shows.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in gambling that causes negligence.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in gambling that causes negligence.

This includes such things as checkers with eight or ten rows, checkers in the air, hopscotch, spillikins, board-games, tip-cat, drawing straws, dice, leaf-flutes, toy plows, somersaults, pinwheels, toy measures, toy carts, toy bows, guessing words from syllables, guessing another’s thoughts, and imitating musical instruments.This includes such things as checkers with eight or ten rows, checkers in the air, hopscotch, spillikins, board-games, tip-cat, drawing straws, dice, leaf-flutes, toy plows, somersaults, pinwheels, toy measures, toy carts, toy bows, guessing words from syllables, guessing another’s thoughts, and imitating musical instruments.The ascetic Gotama refrains from such gambling.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such gambling.’

Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still make use of high and luxurious bedding.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still make use of high and luxurious bedding.This includes such things as sofas, couches, woolen covers—shag-piled, colorful, white, embroidered with flowers, quilted, embroidered with animals, double or single fringed—and silk covers studded with gems, as well as silken sheets, woollen carpets, rugs for elephants, horses, or chariots, black antelope hides and woven rugs, and spreads of fine deer hide, with a canopy above and red cushions at both ends.This includes such things as sofas, couches, woolen covers—shag-piled, colorful, white, embroidered with flowers, quilted, embroidered with animals, double or single fringed—and silk covers studded with gems, as well as silken sheets, woollen carpets, rugs for elephants, horses, or chariots, black antelope hides and woven rugs, and spreads of fine deer hide, with a canopy above and red cushions at both ends.

The ascetic Gotama refrains from such bedding.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such bedding.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in attiring and adorning themselves with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in attiring and adorning themselves with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.

This includes such things as applying beauty products by anointing, massaging, bathing, and rubbing; mirrors, ointments, garlands, fragrances, and makeup; face-powder, foundation, bracelets, headbands, fancy walking-sticks or containers, rapiers, parasols, fancy sandals, turbans, jewelry, chowries, and long-fringed white robes.This includes such things as applying beauty products by anointing, massaging, bathing, and rubbing; mirrors, ointments, garlands, fragrances, and makeup; face-powder, foundation, bracelets, headbands, fancy walking-sticks or containers, rapiers, parasols, fancy sandals, turbans, jewelry, chowries, and long-fringed white robes.The ascetic Gotama refrains from such beautification and adornment.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such beautification and adornment.’

Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in low talk. This includes such topics as‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in low talk. This includes such topics astalk about kings, bandits, and chief ministers; talk about armies, threats, and wars; talk about food, drink, clothes, and beds; talk about garlands and fragrances; talk about family, vehicles, villages, towns, cities, and countries; talk about women and heroes; talk at the street market and the place for water pots; talk about the departed; motley talk; tales of land and sea; and talk about being reborn in this or that place.talk about kings, bandits, and chief ministers; talk about armies, threats, and wars; talk about food, drink, clothes, and beds; talk about garlands and fragrances; talk about family, vehicles, villages, towns, cities, and countries; talk about women and heroes; talk at the street market and the place for water pots; talk about the departed; motley talk; tales of land and sea; and talk about being reborn in this or that place.

The ascetic Gotama refrains from such low talk.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such low talk.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in arguments.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in arguments.

They say such things as: “You don’t understand this teaching and training. I understand this teaching and training. What, you understand this teaching and training? You’re practicing wrong. I’m practicing right. I stay on topic, you don’t. You said last what you should have said first. You said first what you should have said last. What you’ve thought so much about has been disproved. Your doctrine is refuted. Go on, save your doctrine! You’re trapped; get yourself out of this—if you can!”They say such things as: “You don’t understand this teaching and training. I understand this teaching and training. What, you understand this teaching and training? You’re practicing wrong. I’m practicing right. I stay on topic, you don’t. You said last what you should have said first. You said first what you should have said last. What you’ve thought so much about has been disproved. Your doctrine is refuted. Go on, save your doctrine! You’re trapped; get yourself out of this—if you can!”

The ascetic Gotama refrains from such argumentative talk.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such argumentative talk.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in running errands and messages.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in running errands and messages.

This includes running errands for rulers, ministers, aristocrats, brahmins, householders, or princes who say: “Go here, go there. Take this, bring that from there.”This includes running errands for rulers, ministers, aristocrats, brahmins, householders, or princes who say: “Go here, go there. Take this, bring that from there.”The ascetic Gotama refrains from such errands.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such errands.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.

‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in deceit, flattery, hinting, and belittling, and using material things to chase after other material things.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still engage in deceit, flattery, hinting, and belittling, and using material things to chase after other material things.The ascetic Gotama refrains from such fawning and flattery.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such fawning and flattery.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.

The middle section on ethics is complete.The middle section on ethics is complete.

2.3. The Large Section on Ethics2.3. The Large Section on Ethics

‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still earn a living by low lore, by wrong livelihood.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still earn a living by low lore, by wrong livelihood.This includes such fields as augury, omenology, divining portents, interpreting dreams, divining features of men and women, divining holes in cloth gnawed by mice, fire offerings, ladle offerings, offerings of husks, rice powder, rice, ghee, or oil; offerings from the mouth, blood sacrifices, limb-reading; geomancy for building sites, fields, and cemeteries; exorcisms, earth magic, snake charming, poisons; the lore of the scorpion, the rat, the bird, and the crow; prophesying lifespan, chanting for protection, and divining omens from wild animals.This includes such fields as augury, omenology, divining portents, interpreting dreams, divining features of men and women, divining holes in cloth gnawed by mice, fire offerings, ladle offerings, offerings of husks, rice powder, rice, ghee, or oil; offerings from the mouth, blood sacrifices, limb-reading; geomancy for building sites, fields, and cemeteries; exorcisms, earth magic, snake charming, poisons; the lore of the scorpion, the rat, the bird, and the crow; prophesying lifespan, chanting for protection, and divining omens from wild animals.

The ascetic Gotama refrains from such low lore, such wrong livelihood.’The ascetic Gotama refrains from such low lore, such wrong livelihood.’Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.Such is an ordinary person’s praise of the Realized One.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still earn a living by low lore, by wrong livelihood.‘There are some ascetics and brahmins who, while enjoying food given in faith, still earn a living by low lore, by wrong livelihood.

This includes reading the marks of gems, cloth, clubs, swords, spears, arrows, bows, weapons, women, men, boys, girls, male and female bondservants, elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, cows, goats, rams, chickens, quails, monitor lizards, rabbits, tortoises, or deer.This includes reading the marks of gems, cloth, clubs, swords, spears, arrows, bows, weapons, women, men, boys, girls, male and female bondservants, elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, cows, goats, rams, chickens, quails, monitor lizards, rabbits, tortoises, or deer.