上座部律藏犍度（巴利原文）第 128 阅读页 · PLI-TV-KD11 · 11. Kammakkhandhaka · 3/17

Nappaṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasakaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Nappaṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasakaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

1.6. Paṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasaka1.6. Paṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasaka

Pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.Pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.Na upasampādeti, na nissayaṁ deti, na sāmaṇeraṁ upaṭṭhāpeti, na bhikkhunovādakasammutiṁ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo na ovadati—Na upasampādeti, na nissayaṁ deti, na sāmaṇeraṁ upaṭṭhāpeti, na bhikkhunovādakasammutiṁ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo na ovadati—imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.

Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena tajjanīyakammaṁ kataṁ hoti taṁ āpattiṁ na āpajjati, aññaṁ vā tādisikaṁ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṁ;Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena tajjanīyakammaṁ kataṁ hoti taṁ āpattiṁ na āpajjati, aññaṁ vā tādisikaṁ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṁ;kammaṁ na garahati, kammike na garahati—kammaṁ na garahati, kammike na garahati—

imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposathaṁ ṭhapeti, na pavāraṇaṁ ṭhapeti, na savacanīyaṁ karoti, na anuvādaṁ paṭṭhapeti, na okāsaṁ kāreti, na codeti, na sāreti, na bhikkhūhi sampayojeti—Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposathaṁ ṭhapeti, na pavāraṇaṁ ṭhapeti, na savacanīyaṁ karoti, na anuvādaṁ paṭṭhapeti, na okāsaṁ kāreti, na codeti, na sāreti, na bhikkhūhi sampayojeti—

imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.Paṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasakaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Paṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasakaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.Evañca pana, bhikkhave, paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.Evañca pana, bhikkhave, paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.

Tehi, bhikkhave, paṇḍukalohitakehi bhikkhūhi saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—Tehi, bhikkhave, paṇḍukalohitakehi bhikkhūhi saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—‘mayaṁ, bhante, saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattāma, lomaṁ pātema, netthāraṁ vattāma, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācāmā’ti.‘mayaṁ, bhante, saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattāma, lomaṁ pātema, netthāraṁ vattāma, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācāmā’ti.Dutiyampi yācitabbā.Dutiyampi yācitabbā.

Tatiyampi yācitabbā.Tatiyampi yācitabbā.Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.

Ime paṇḍukalohitakā bhikkhū saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattanti, lomaṁ pātenti, netthāraṁ vattanti, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācanti.Ime paṇḍukalohitakā bhikkhū saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattanti, lomaṁ pātenti, netthāraṁ vattanti, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācanti.Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambheyya.Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambheyya.Esā ñatti.Esā ñatti.

Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.Ime paṇḍukalohitakā bhikkhū saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattanti, lomaṁ pātenti, netthāraṁ vattanti, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācanti.Ime paṇḍukalohitakā bhikkhū saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattanti, lomaṁ pātenti, netthāraṁ vattanti, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācanti.Saṅgho paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambheti.Saṅgho paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambheti.

Yassāyasmato khamati paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa;Yassāyasmato khamati paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa;yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.Dutiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi—Dutiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi—

suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.Ime paṇḍukalohitakā bhikkhū saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattanti, lomaṁ pātenti, netthāraṁ vattanti, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācanti.Ime paṇḍukalohitakā bhikkhū saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattanti, lomaṁ pātenti, netthāraṁ vattanti, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācanti.Saṅgho paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambheti.Saṅgho paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambheti.

Yassāyasmato khamati paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa;Yassāyasmato khamati paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa;yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.Tatiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi—Tatiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi—

suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.Ime paṇḍukalohitakā bhikkhū saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattanti, lomaṁ pātenti, netthāraṁ vattanti, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācanti.Ime paṇḍukalohitakā bhikkhū saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattanti, lomaṁ pātenti, netthāraṁ vattanti, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācanti.Saṅgho paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambheti.Saṅgho paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambheti.

Yassāyasmato khamati paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa;Yassāyasmato khamati paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa;yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.Paṭippassaddhaṁ saṅghena paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ.Paṭippassaddhaṁ saṅghena paṇḍukalohitakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ tajjanīyakammaṁ.

Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti.Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti.Tajjanīyakammaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.Tajjanīyakammaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.

2. Niyassakamma2. Niyassakamma

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā seyyasako bālo hoti abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā seyyasako bālo hoti abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—“kathañhi nāma āyasmā seyyasako bālo bhavissati abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;“kathañhi nāma āyasmā seyyasako bālo bhavissati abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharissati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharissati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;

apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā”ti.apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā”ti.Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi—Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi—

“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, seyyasako bhikkhu bālo abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, seyyasako bhikkhu bālo abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā”ti?apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā”ti?

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.Vigarahi buddho bhagavā—Vigarahi buddho bhagavā—“ananucchavikaṁ, bhikkhave, tassa moghapurisassa ananulomikaṁ appatirūpaṁ assāmaṇakaṁ akappiyaṁ akaraṇīyaṁ.“ananucchavikaṁ, bhikkhave, tassa moghapurisassa ananulomikaṁ appatirūpaṁ assāmaṇakaṁ akappiyaṁ akaraṇīyaṁ.

Kathañhi nāma so, bhikkhave, moghapuriso bālo bhavissati abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;Kathañhi nāma so, bhikkhave, moghapuriso bālo bhavissati abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharissati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharissati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.

Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…vigarahitvā …pe…vigarahitvā …pe…dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—

“tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ karotu—“tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ karotu—nissāya te vatthabbanti.nissāya te vatthabbanti.Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbaṁ.Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbaṁ.

Paṭhamaṁ seyyasako bhikkhu codetabbo, codetvā sāretabbo, sāretvā āpattiṁ āropetabbo, āpattiṁ āropetvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—Paṭhamaṁ seyyasako bhikkhu codetabbo, codetvā sāretabbo, sāretvā āpattiṁ āropetabbo, āpattiṁ āropetvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.Ayaṁ seyyasako bhikkhu bālo abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;Ayaṁ seyyasako bhikkhu bālo abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;

gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ kareyya—Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ kareyya—

nissāya te vatthabbanti.nissāya te vatthabbanti.Esā ñatti.Esā ñatti.Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.

Ayaṁ seyyasako bhikkhu bālo abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;Ayaṁ seyyasako bhikkhu bālo abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.

Saṅgho seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ karoti—Saṅgho seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ karoti—nissāya te vatthabbanti.nissāya te vatthabbanti.Yassāyasmato khamati seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassassa kammassa karaṇaṁ—Yassāyasmato khamati seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassassa kammassa karaṇaṁ—

nissāya te vatthabbanti, so tuṇhassa;nissāya te vatthabbanti, so tuṇhassa;yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.Dutiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe…Dutiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe…

tatiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi—tatiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi—suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.Ayaṁ seyyasako bhikkhu bālo abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;Ayaṁ seyyasako bhikkhu bālo abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno;

gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;gihisaṁsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṁsaggehi;apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.apissu bhikkhū pakatā parivāsaṁ dentā mūlāya paṭikassantā mānattaṁ dentā abbhentā.Saṅgho seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ karoti—Saṅgho seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ karoti—

nissāya te vatthabbanti.nissāya te vatthabbanti.Yassāyasmato khamati seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassassa kammassa karaṇaṁ—Yassāyasmato khamati seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassassa kammassa karaṇaṁ—nissāya te vatthabbanti, so tuṇhassa;nissāya te vatthabbanti, so tuṇhassa;

yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.Kataṁ saṅghena seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ—Kataṁ saṅghena seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṁ—nissāya te vatthabbanti.nissāya te vatthabbanti.

Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti.Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti.

2.1. Adhammakammadvādasaka2.1. Adhammakammadvādasaka

“Tīhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.“Tīhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.Asammukhā kataṁ hoti, appaṭipucchā kataṁ hoti, appaṭiññāya kataṁ hoti—Asammukhā kataṁ hoti, appaṭipucchā kataṁ hoti, appaṭiññāya kataṁ hoti—imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.

Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.Anāpattiyā kataṁ hoti, adesanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṁ hoti, desitāya āpattiyā kataṁ hoti—Anāpattiyā kataṁ hoti, adesanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṁ hoti, desitāya āpattiyā kataṁ hoti—imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.

Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.Acodetvā kataṁ hoti, asāretvā kataṁ hoti, āpattiṁ anāropetvā kataṁ hoti—Acodetvā kataṁ hoti, asāretvā kataṁ hoti, āpattiṁ anāropetvā kataṁ hoti—imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ niyassakammaṁ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.

Aparehipi, bhikkhave …pe…Aparehipi, bhikkhave …pe…asammukhā kataṁ hoti, adhammena kataṁ hoti, vaggena kataṁ hoti—asammukhā kataṁ hoti, adhammena kataṁ hoti, vaggena kataṁ hoti—imehi kho, bhikkhave …pe….imehi kho, bhikkhave …pe….

Aparehipi, bhikkhave …pe…Aparehipi, bhikkhave …pe…appaṭipucchā kataṁ hoti, adhammena kataṁ hoti, vaggena kataṁ hoti—appaṭipucchā kataṁ hoti, adhammena kataṁ hoti, vaggena kataṁ hoti—imehi kho, bhikkhave …pe….imehi kho, bhikkhave …pe….

Aparehipi, bhikkhave …pe…Aparehipi, bhikkhave …pe…appaṭiññāya kataṁ hoti, adhammena kataṁ hoti, vaggena kataṁ hoti—appaṭiññāya kataṁ hoti, adhammena kataṁ hoti, vaggena kataṁ hoti—imehi kho, bhikkhave …pe….imehi kho, bhikkhave …pe….

Aparehipi, bhikkhave …pe…Aparehipi, bhikkhave …pe…anāpattiyā kataṁ hoti, adhammena kataṁ hoti, vaggena kataṁ hoti—anāpattiyā kataṁ hoti, adhammena kataṁ hoti, vaggena kataṁ hoti—